本文選題：貪婪 + 悖論性　； 參考：《南昌大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：貪污,收賄,腐敗,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),朝代更替,犯罪以及各種因搶奪資源,市場(chǎng),權(quán)力而引發(fā)的殘酷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)都可與人性貪婪相聯(lián)系。經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮,科技進(jìn)步及各領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)新,生活水平提高及新大陸發(fā)現(xiàn)也亦如此。人性貪婪塑造了人類和社會(huì),但一直像謎一般未被深入研究。鑒于此,本文打算從概念及經(jīng)驗(yàn)方面探求人性貪婪,包括其本質(zhì),表現(xiàn),功能和結(jié)果,特別是其產(chǎn)生的悖論性。 本文由六個(gè)篇章組成。第一章為引言,介紹了本文的研究對(duì)象和理論依據(jù)。第二章從貪婪的定義出發(fā),希冀為本文的討論提供詞匯基礎(chǔ)。繼而從哲學(xué),社會(huì)學(xué),經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),心理學(xué),生物學(xué)和宗教學(xué)方面來(lái)闡述概念意義上的貪婪本質(zhì)。本章的結(jié)論是人性貪婪概念的研究會(huì)導(dǎo)致不同觀點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生,應(yīng)當(dāng)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)意義上的看法加以補(bǔ)充闡述。相應(yīng)地,第三章以羅素的觀點(diǎn),斯坦貝克的描述,及地理,科技發(fā)明和商業(yè)上的實(shí)例來(lái)繼續(xù)闡述人性貪婪本質(zhì)的積極與消極方面。結(jié)論是人性貪婪極具復(fù)雜性,需要進(jìn)一步研究。第四章的討論集中于貪婪的悖論性,包括其與人性價(jià)值的關(guān)系,悖論性的影響,個(gè)體與整體的關(guān)系以及資本主義的控制。作為人類的識(shí)別特征和原動(dòng)力,貪婪不能僅僅定義為獲得和失去,它反映了人類存在的悖論本質(zhì)以及我們生活環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性。因此,討論在第五章隨之轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中的異化存在及出路。在第五章中,馬克思的異化觀點(diǎn)得以闡述,并與如何應(yīng)對(duì)人性貪婪的策略相聯(lián)系。著名的辯證原理再一次聲明：自由王國(guó)指人們認(rèn)識(shí)和掌握了社會(huì)歷史的必然性和規(guī)律,使自己成了自然界和社會(huì)的主人,從自然界和社會(huì)領(lǐng)域的盲目力量的支配和奴役下解放出來(lái),從而能自覺(jué)地創(chuàng)造自己的歷史的這樣一種狀態(tài)。 本文最后以辯證的觀點(diǎn)審視了社會(huì)中具有悖論性的事件,并重申辯證法在我們對(duì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象判斷及社會(huì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮的指導(dǎo)性作用�！熬植恐異航詾槠毡橹啤�,確實(shí)如此。那么,普遍之善亦可為局部之惡?jiǎn)?辯證而言,這是具有可行性的：當(dāng)積極影響發(fā)展到極限,消極影響就會(huì)累積到一定程度發(fā)揮反作用。眾所周知,一切成就和享樂(lè)都是有代價(jià)的。為了減少所付出的代價(jià),就必須避免過(guò)度。這一真知是由我們的祖先傳下來(lái)的,但由于總是被我們忘卻而得以不斷重申。這種觀點(diǎn)同樣適用于人性貪婪。
[Abstract]:Corruption, bribery, corruption, war, dynasty change, crime and all kinds of cruel competition caused by resources, market and power can all be associated with human greed. The same is true of economic prosperity, technological progress and innovation in all fields, living standards and the discovery of the New World. Human greed has shaped human and society, but has not been studied in depth as a riddle. In view of this, this paper intends to explore the concept and experience of human greed, including its essence, performance, function and results, especially its paradox. This paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the research object and theoretical basis of this paper. The second chapter is based on the definition of greed, hoping to provide a lexical basis for this discussion. Then the conceptual nature of greed is expounded in terms of philosophy, sociology, economics, psychology, biology and religion. The conclusion of this chapter is that the study of the concept of human greed will lead to different views, which should be supplemented by empirical views. Accordingly, Chapter III continues to illustrate the positive and negative aspects of the nature of human greed in Russell's view, Steinbeck's description, and geographical, technological and commercial examples. The conclusion is that human greed is extremely complex and needs further study. The fourth chapter focuses on the paradox of greed, including its relationship with the value of human nature, the effect of paradox, the relationship between individual and whole, and the control of capitalism. As the distinguishing feature and motive force of human beings, greed is not only defined as gain and loss, but also reflects the paradoxical nature of human existence and the complexity of our living environment. Therefore, in the fifth chapter, it turns to the existence and outlet of alienation in modern society. In the fifth chapter, Marx's dissimilation view can be explained and linked with the strategy of dealing with human greed. The famous dialectical principle once again states: the free kingdom refers to the fact that people understand and master the inevitability and law of social history, making themselves masters of nature and society. Liberated from the domination and enslavement of the blind forces of nature and social fields, it can consciously create its own history in such a state. In the end, this paper examines the paradoxical events in society from a dialectical point of view, and reiterates the guiding role of dialectics in our judgment of social phenomena and social development. It is true that local evil is universal good. So, can universal good be part of evil? Dialectically, this is feasible: when positive effects reach their limits, negative effects accumulate to a certain extent to play a counteractive role. It is well known that all achievements and enjoyment come at a price. In order to reduce the cost, we must avoid excessive. This truth is passed down by our ancestors, but it is repeated because it is always forgotten. The same applies to human greed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：C912.1

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