本文選題：貧困集聚 + 貧困社區(qū)��； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文關(guān)注城市貧困的空間性,具體而言是城市貧困集聚的特點和形成機(jī)制。貧困空間集聚和貧困社區(qū)形成是國際城市的一個典型特征。隨著城市化的加速和城市經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型,不同社會階層之間的收入差距拉大,城市貧困階層迅速形成、擴(kuò)大和多元化。收入不平等在空間上表現(xiàn)為貧困社區(qū)的存在,貧困社區(qū)成為城市貧困生態(tài)的重要部分。解決城市貧困問題成為政府面臨的重要挑戰(zhàn)。 研究以物質(zhì)形態(tài)為劃分貧困社區(qū)的依據(jù),利用Google Earth中的遙感圖像,繪制出上海市的貧困空間集聚圖。結(jié)果顯示,上海市的貧困社區(qū)在近郊塊狀分布,在內(nèi)環(huán)線內(nèi)零星獨立地分布。依據(jù)各街道的人口構(gòu)成、地理位置、住房類型等標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可分為原“棚戶區(qū)”聚集區(qū),動遷安置基地,外來人口聚集區(qū)(“城中村”)。 在時空變化上,上海市貧困人口的分布在90年代前,基本延續(xù)了解放前的格局。而90年代至今近20年的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革和城市發(fā)展,深刻影響到上海市貧困人口的分布：貧困人口在構(gòu)成上呈現(xiàn)多元化特征,在空間分布上呈現(xiàn)郊區(qū)化和集中化特征。 上海市貧困社區(qū)的存在和形成,是多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果：全球化背景下外來資本的進(jìn)入、地方政府對全球化城市地位的追求,以當(dāng)?shù)氐闹贫葹槊浇?與當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)、制度因素共同作用于城市貧困人口。帶來貧困人口的增加,及貧困人口在空間上的聚集而形成的。 貧困群體構(gòu)成的多元化和空間上的郊區(qū)化、集中化,要求我們重新思考當(dāng)前的扶貧策略。即采取以社區(qū)為目標(biāo)的扶貧政策：由多個政府部門聯(lián)合制定的綜合性計劃：通過改善貧困社區(qū)的居住環(huán)境,吸引外來資金,促進(jìn)社區(qū)的發(fā)展和就業(yè)機(jī)會的增加；開放貧困人口進(jìn)入那些具有更多資源和機(jī)會的區(qū)域。貧困人口在提高自身知識、技能的同時,獲得更多就業(yè)機(jī)會,增加收入,從而有能力改變自身的貧困狀況,擺脫個人和社區(qū)的困境。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the spatial nature of urban poverty, specifically the characteristics and formation mechanism of urban poverty agglomeration. The spatial agglomeration of poverty and the formation of poor communities are typical characteristics of international cities. With the acceleration of urbanization and the transformation of urban economy, the income gap between different social strata is widening, and the urban poor class has rapidly formed, expanded and diversified. Income inequality is reflected in the existence of poor communities in space, and poor communities become an important part of urban poor ecology. Solving the problem of urban poverty has become an important challenge facing the government. Based on the physical form of the poor communities and the remote sensing images of Google Earth, the spatial agglomeration map of poverty in Shanghai was drawn. The results show that the poor communities in Shanghai are distributed in the suburbs and scattered independently in the inner loop. According to the population composition, geographical location, housing type and other criteria of each street, it can be divided into the former "shantytown" gathering area, the resettlement base, the immigrant population concentrated area ("village in the city"). In temporal and spatial changes, the distribution of the poor population in Shanghai before 1990's, basically continued the pattern before liberation. However, the economic reform and urban development in recent 20 years from 1990s to now have a profound impact on the distribution of the poor population in Shanghai: the poor population presents the characteristics of diversification in composition and suburbanization and centralization in spatial distribution. The existence and formation of poor communities in Shanghai is the result of various factors: the entry of foreign capital under the background of globalization, the local governments' pursuit of the status of globalized cities, the local institutions as the medium, and the local economy. Institutional factors act together on the urban poor. It brings about an increase in the number of people living in poverty, and the accumulation of poor people in space. The diversification of the poor groups and the suburbanization and centralization of the space require us to rethink the current poverty reduction strategies. The adoption of community-oriented poverty alleviation policies: a comprehensive plan developed jointly by various government departments to promote community development and increase employment opportunities by improving the living environment of poor communities and attracting external funding; Open access to regions with more resources and opportunities for the poor. While improving their knowledge and skills, the poor can gain more employment opportunities and incomes, thus being able to change their poverty and extricate themselves from the plight of individuals and communities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：C912.81

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 萬勇;論上海中心城舊住區(qū)更新的調(diào)諧機(jī)制[D];同濟(jì)大學(xué);2006年

2 王玲慧;論上海邊緣社區(qū)的和合發(fā)展[D];同濟(jì)大學(xué);2006年

3 徐建;社會排斥視角的城市更新與弱勢群體[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2008年

4 曹扶生;上海城市貧困問題與反貧困對策研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2009年

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本文編號：2114328