本文選題：非對稱公共物品兩難 + 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)設(shè)置�。� 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年，慈善事業(yè)受到的關(guān)注度越來越高，有關(guān)慈善事業(yè)的負面新聞也頻頻被曝光。人們渴望慈善信息的可靠性和透明度的同時，更加渴望那些自私自利的人把目光集中到集體利益上。在捐款活動中社會成員組成了一個臨時的群體，在這個群體中個體的行為不僅會受到價值觀等個人因素的影響，更加受到集體中其他人行為的影響，那么在這種臨時群體中個體行為會受到哪些因素影響，影響機制又是怎樣的呢？本研究將此問題應(yīng)用非對稱公共物品困境模型進行實驗室模擬。以往公共物品兩難的研究大多數(shù)集中在對稱公共物品兩難模型，也就是所有成員在捐獻之前所擁有的資源是均等的，但是在現(xiàn)實生活中財富的分配是不均等的，所以說非對稱公共物品兩難研究更加貼近于現(xiàn)實生活，研究更具有現(xiàn)實意義。 本研究在以往研究的基礎(chǔ)上，采用公共物品困境普遍實驗范式——非公共物品兩難作為背景，實驗室實驗為主，調(diào)查問卷為輔的研究方法，主要探討在非對稱公共物品兩難情境中領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的設(shè)置、行為方式及社會價值取向等變量對群體合作行為的影響。本研究一共分為三個實驗，實驗一主要考察群體中是否存在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和其行為方式（合作，，背叛）對被試捐贈行為和群體認(rèn)同的影響；實驗二根據(jù)實驗一的結(jié)果將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)區(qū)分為內(nèi)群體和外群體兩種來源結(jié)合行為方式變量，考察其對被試捐贈行為和群體認(rèn)同的影響；實驗三根據(jù)實驗一和實驗二的結(jié)果，使領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和普通成員同時存在于群體當(dāng)中，同時引入領(lǐng)導(dǎo)來源，社會價值取向，示范個體行為三個變量考察其對被試捐贈行為和群體認(rèn)同的影響。 研究結(jié)果： （1）公共物品兩難情境中，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能夠有效的促進群體成員的合作，即有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)情境中普通成員的捐贈水平要顯著高于無領(lǐng)導(dǎo)情境，但是有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)情境中的群體認(rèn)同顯著低于無領(lǐng)導(dǎo)情境。 （2）群體中優(yōu)勢地位成員的背叛行為沒有引發(fā)弱勢地位成員的背叛行為，反而使其表現(xiàn)出更高的捐贈水平，但是背叛時的群體認(rèn)同更低。 （3）群體當(dāng)中同時存在有內(nèi)外群體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)時，內(nèi)群體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會得到更多的支持，但是如果只存在內(nèi)群體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)或外群體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)時，內(nèi)外群體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)得到的支持差異不大。 （4）群體認(rèn)同對不同社會價值取向的個體作用不同，親社會型的個體出現(xiàn)外群體偏愛，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的背叛行為反而使其表現(xiàn)出更高的捐贈水平，但是此時的群體認(rèn)同會隨之下降；親自我型的個體對群體認(rèn)同較為敏感，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的背叛行為使其群體認(rèn)同降低的同時捐贈水平也隨之降低。
[Abstract]:In recent years, philanthropy has received more and more attention, and negative news about charity has been frequently exposed. People yearn for the reliability and transparency of charitable information, but also for the selfish people to focus on the collective interest. Members of society form a temporary group in which the behaviour of individuals is influenced not only by individual factors such as values, but also by the behaviour of others in the collective. What factors will affect individual behavior in this temporary group, and what is the mechanism of the influence? This study applies asymmetric public goods dilemma model to laboratory simulation. In the past, most of the studies of public goods dilemma focused on the symmetrical public goods dilemma model, that is, all members have equal resources before donation, but in real life, the distribution of wealth is not equal. Therefore, the study of asymmetric public goods dilemma is closer to real life and has practical significance. On the basis of previous studies, this study adopts the general experimental paradigm of public goods dilemmas-non-public goods dilemma as the background, laboratory experiments as the main, questionnaire as a supplementary research method. This paper mainly discusses the influence of leadership setting, behavior style and social value orientation on group cooperative behavior in the dilemma of asymmetric public goods. This study is divided into three experiments. Experiment one is to investigate whether there are leaders and their behavior patterns (cooperation, betrayal) in the group on the donation behavior and group identity; According to the results of experiment one, the leaders were divided into two kinds of internal and external groups combined with behavior style variables, and the effects of leadership on donation behavior and group identity were investigated. Experiment 3 was based on the results of experiment 1 and experiment 2. So that the leaders and ordinary members exist in the group at the same time, at the same time the introduction of leadership sources, social value orientation, demonstration of the individual behavior of the three variables to examine the impact on the donation behavior and group identity. The results are as follows: (1) in the situation of public goods dilemma, leadership can effectively promote the cooperation of group members, that is, the donation level of ordinary members in the situation of leadership is significantly higher than that of the situation without leadership. However, the group identity in the leadership situation was significantly lower than that in the non-leadership situation. (2) the betrayal behavior of the dominant status member in the group did not lead to the betrayal behavior of the weak status member, on the contrary, it showed a higher donation level. But the group identity of betrayal is lower. (3) if there is both internal and external group leadership in the group, the inner group leader will get more support, but if there is only the inner group leader or the outside group leader, The support of internal and external group leaders is not different. (4) Group identity has different individual role in different social value orientation, and pro-social individual has the preference of outside group. The leader's betrayal makes him show a higher level of donation, but then the group identity will decline; the individual is more sensitive to the group identity. The leader's betrayal reduced the group's identity and reduced the level of donations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：C912.6

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