本文選題：留守兒童 + 行為失范��； 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著我國現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的不斷加速發(fā)展,農(nóng)村的剩余勞動力便開始大規(guī)模向城市流動。然而,受城鄉(xiāng)二元式社會結(jié)構(gòu)體制和自身經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的限制,許多外出務(wù)工的農(nóng)民雖然在城市工作,卻無法解決子女隨其進(jìn)城后一系列問題,他們的子女只能無奈地被留在農(nóng)村,于是相應(yīng)地產(chǎn)生了農(nóng)村留守兒童群體。另一方面,隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,與國外的交流日益密切,我國公民向國外流動的規(guī)模逐步加大,出現(xiàn)了一部分城市留守兒童。 筆者運用社會行為失范理論分析留守兒童出現(xiàn)的問題,針對當(dāng)前保護(hù)留守兒童合法權(quán)益的法律體系缺陷,提出幾點法律對策。 全文除引言和結(jié)語外,分為四部分： 第一部分留守兒童概述。近年來的文獻(xiàn)中對于“留守兒童”的概念有很多種不同表述,筆者從法律研究角度給出了具體的定義,同時分析了留守兒童出現(xiàn)的背景和現(xiàn)狀。提出在密切關(guān)注農(nóng)村留守兒童的同時,城市留守兒童群體也不容忽視。 第二部分留守兒童行為失范問題分析。留守兒童在成長中缺乏了父母的行為示范引導(dǎo)和行為規(guī)范化教育,從而產(chǎn)生了與規(guī)范不一致,不協(xié)調(diào),甚至相沖突的行為。從違反規(guī)范的不同程度可以將留守兒童失范行為分為越軌行為、違法行為和犯罪行為。留守兒童普遍自控能力差、自由散漫,行為容易受到外在環(huán)境的影響而偏離正常以至出現(xiàn)越軌行為。留守兒童違法行為已經(jīng)具有了一定的現(xiàn)實的社會危害性,盡管沒有觸犯國家刑法,但是已經(jīng)違反了我國現(xiàn)行法律的規(guī)定,必須給予一定的懲罰。留守兒童犯罪行為的形勢非常嚴(yán)峻已經(jīng)觸犯我國刑法,具有嚴(yán)重的社會危害性。 第三部分當(dāng)前對留守兒童行為失范的法律規(guī)制。我國已基本形成對留守兒童權(quán)利保護(hù)的法律體系,這一法律體系主要包括了《憲法》、《民法通則》、《未成年人保護(hù)法》、《教育法》、《義務(wù)教育法》、《預(yù)防未成年人犯罪法》、《刑事訴訟法》等。特別是修訂后的《未成年人保護(hù)法》注重了對留守兒童權(quán)益的保護(hù)。但是這一法律體系仍有一些缺陷。主要缺陷在于：立法上缺少上位法支持；執(zhí)法上缺乏可操作性的程序規(guī)定；司法上司法改革滯后。這些因素對于構(gòu)建兒童權(quán)益保護(hù)法律體系具有關(guān)鍵性的作用。 第四部分留守兒童行為失范問題的法律對策。筆者從加強(qiáng)法制宣傳教育工作、完善未成年人犯罪刑事立法、完善司法組織系統(tǒng)來論述留守兒童行為失范問題預(yù)防和矯治,并提出制定一部《家庭教育法》,來確定家庭教育的法律地位。綜合我國的基本國情,提出了建構(gòu)《家庭教育法》的基本框架。希望通過完善立法,切實保障留守兒童的合法權(quán)益,徹底改善我國留守兒童的現(xiàn)狀,促進(jìn)留守兒童健康成長。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's modernization process, surplus rural labor began to flow to cities on a large scale. However, under the constraints of the urban-rural dual social structure system and their own economic conditions, many migrant farmers, although working in urban areas, are unable to solve a series of problems for their children after they enter the city, and their children can only be left in rural areas reluctantly. Accordingly, the group of children left behind in rural areas came into being. On the other hand, with the development of Chinese economy and the close communication with foreign countries, the scale of Chinese citizens flowing abroad gradually increases, and some urban left-behind children appear. The author analyzes the problems of left-behind children by using the theory of social behavior anomie, and puts forward some legal countermeasures against the defects of the legal system of protecting the legal rights and interests of left-behind children. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four parts: the first part is an overview of left-behind children. In recent years, there are many different expressions about the concept of "left-behind children" in the literature. The author gives a specific definition from the angle of legal research, and analyzes the background and present situation of left-behind children. It is proposed that while paying close attention to rural left-behind children, urban left-behind children should not be ignored. The second part is the analysis of behavior loss of left-behind children. The left-behind children lack the behavior demonstration guidance and the behavior standardization education of their parents in their growing up, resulting in inconsistent, inconsistent and even conflicting behaviors with the norms. The deviant behavior of left-behind children can be divided into deviant behavior, illegal behavior and criminal behavior. Left-behind children generally have poor self-control, free and loose, and their behavior is easily influenced by the external environment and deviates from normal and even deviates from normal behavior. The illegal behavior of left-behind children has some realistic social harmfulness. Although it has not violated the state criminal law, it has already violated the provisions of our country's current law, and must be punished to a certain extent. The criminal behavior of left-behind children has already violated the criminal law of our country, which has serious social harmfulness. The third part is about the legal regulation of the behavior of left-behind children. China has basically formed a legal system for the protection of the rights of left-behind children. This legal system mainly includes the Constitution, the General principles of Civil Law, the Law on Protection of minors, the Law on Education, the Law on compulsory Education, the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, the Code of Criminal procedure, and so on. In particular, the revised Law on Protection of minors focuses on the protection of the rights and interests of children left behind. But the legal system still has some flaws. The main defects are: lack of upper legal support in legislation, lack of operational procedural provisions in law enforcement, and lag in judicial reform. These factors play a key role in constructing a legal system for the protection of children's rights and interests. The fourth part is about the legal countermeasures to the problem of the behavior of left-behind children. The author discusses the prevention and correction of the behavior of left-behind children from the aspects of strengthening legal publicity and education, perfecting the criminal legislation of juvenile delinquency, and perfecting the judicial organization system. And put forward a family education law to determine the legal status of family education. Based on the basic situation of our country, this paper puts forward the basic frame of constructing Family Education Law. It is hoped that by perfecting legislation, the legitimate rights and interests of left-behind children can be protected, the present situation of left-behind children will be improved thoroughly and the healthy growth of left-behind children will be promoted.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D922.183;C913.5

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