本文選題：身體 + 女性身體　； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：數(shù)千年來,在男權(quán)社會,通過政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育,尤其是通過哲學(xué)傳統(tǒng)對靈魂和身體進(jìn)行的本體論疏離,不僅造成身體的失落,也同時使得那被否定、貶低和歧視的身體幾乎完全投射到女性領(lǐng)域。直到二十世紀(jì)七十年代,隨著女性主義、新馬克思主義和后現(xiàn)代主義的逐步融合,西方女性主義才開始新的轉(zhuǎn)向。當(dāng)代女性主義者將“身體”研究上升到女性主義的核心位置之后,便出現(xiàn)一批“身體女性主義者”(corporeal feminist)。她們從身心分離的二元論及其對女人的限制入手,努力以自己的方式來解構(gòu)現(xiàn)代主體,以回歸身體一元論。 本文正是從身體女性主義的基本立場出發(fā),利用“為什么女性受壓迫和如何消滅壓迫”的框架對女性身體進(jìn)行了存在論分析,以期最終從精神的牢籠中解放身體、解放女性。具體而論：一是,討論了當(dāng)代女性主義正在激烈爭論的性別差異問題：通過對二元論視閾下性別差異的質(zhì)詢來開啟對身體性別的思考；闡釋了真正的性別差異產(chǎn)生于主體間性而非主客體的關(guān)系；反對以“同一”的邏輯看待女性,發(fā)展關(guān)注他者的性別差異倫理。二是,在肯定二元之外性別差異的基礎(chǔ)上,深入審視了女性身體的異化問題：對女性身體的處境進(jìn)行了社會結(jié)構(gòu)分析,表明女性處于性別化權(quán)力分層中被壓迫的位置；探討了在父權(quán)制的體制和權(quán)力機(jī)制下女性的身體被客體化、工具化和奴役化的命運(yùn),指出這種將女性活生生的身體還原為物的命運(yùn),使女性身體遠(yuǎn)離了它自身；揭示了當(dāng)女性身體運(yùn)用自由的方式和女性肉身化的主動實(shí)踐受到阻礙時,女性身體如何成為既無法超越意識形態(tài)和權(quán)力的束縛又不完全等同于男性欲望和知識再現(xiàn)的窘迫身體。三是,針對女性身體窘迫的現(xiàn)狀,對如何實(shí)現(xiàn)女性身體的解放進(jìn)行了探尋：闡明女性身體的解放就是要實(shí)現(xiàn)自我與他人之間自由、開放的肉身化交流；從身體自由的角度分析了傳統(tǒng)女性的政治解放思想和后現(xiàn)代女性主義者的身份顛覆策略；在此基礎(chǔ)上,主張將傳統(tǒng)女性主義的解放政治和后現(xiàn)代女性主義的生活政治結(jié)合起來,并以“策略上的本質(zhì)主義”運(yùn)用女性主體的概念進(jìn)行身體解放的實(shí)踐,最終將邊緣化的認(rèn)知和存在方式帶到中心。四是,探討了后人類的女性身體——女性主義賽博格：指出大眾文化有關(guān)后人類的敘事是對二元的身體觀和性別觀的復(fù)制,體現(xiàn)著超越肉身的幻想；論證了女性主義賽博格本體論所具有的批判力量；對網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會中的女性主義賽博格的實(shí)踐路徑進(jìn)行了嘗試性的探尋,以期在賽博空間和物理空間的廣泛領(lǐng)域內(nèi)尋求真正的身體解放。
[Abstract]:For thousands of years, in a patriarchal society, the ontological alienation of the soul and body through politics, economics, culture, education, and, in particular, philosophical tradition, not only caused the loss of the body, but also negated it. Demeaning and discriminating bodies project almost entirely into the female sphere. It was not until the 1970s, with the gradual integration of feminism, neo-Marxism and postmodernism, that Western feminism began a new turn. After contemporary feminists raised the study of "body" to the core of feminism, a group of "body feminists" appeared. Starting from the dualism of body and mind and its limitation on women, they try to deconstruct the modern subject in their own way and return to the body monism. Based on the basic standpoint of body feminism, this paper analyzes the existential theory of female body by using the frame of "why women are oppressed and how to eliminate oppression", in order to liberate the body and women from the spiritual cage. To be specific: first, it discusses the issue of gender difference, which is being intensely debated by contemporary feminism: by questioning the gender difference under the view of dualism, we can start to think about body sex; It explains that the real gender difference comes from the relationship between subject and object rather than between subject and object, opposes to treat women with the logic of "same", and develops the ethics of gender difference which pays attention to others. Second, on the basis of affirming the gender difference outside of duality, this paper deeply examines the alienation of female body: the social structure analysis of female body shows that women are in the position of oppression in the stratification of gender power; This paper probes into the fate of female body being objectified, instrumentalized and enslaved under the patriarchal system and power mechanism, and points out that the female body is far away from itself. It reveals how the female body becomes the embarrassed body which can neither transcend the shackles of ideology and power nor be equal to the male desire and knowledge reappearance when the free way of female body and the active practice of female body are hindered. Thirdly, aiming at the current situation of female body distress, this paper explores how to realize female body emancipation: it clarifies that the emancipation of female body is to realize free and open physical communication between self and others; From the angle of body freedom, this paper analyzes the political emancipation of traditional women and the status subversion strategy of postmodern feminists, on the basis of which, it advocates to combine the emancipation politics of traditional feminism with the life politics of postmodern feminism. The author uses the concept of female subject to carry out the practice of body liberation, and finally brings the marginalized cognition and the way of existence to the center. Fourthly, it discusses the female body of posthuman-feminism Cyberberg: it points out that the narration of posthuman in popular culture is a reproduction of the dual body view and gender view, which embodies the fantasy of transcending the physical body; This paper demonstrates the critical power of feminist cyber-ontology, and tries to explore the practical path of feminist cyber-ontology in the network society. In order to seek real body liberation in the wide range of cyberspace and physical space.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：C913.68

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