本文選題：農(nóng)村糖尿病患者 + 自我管理�。� 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)在,糖尿病的治療和控制已經(jīng)逐漸成為一個社會熱點問題。糖尿病是以血糖水平不正常為主要特征的代謝性疾病群,伴隨種類多、后果嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥。罹患糖尿病的人不僅有常規(guī)的心理焦慮的折磨,還要時刻提防潛在的諸多并發(fā)癥,該慢性病無法長時間掛靠醫(yī)院進行治療,除卻合理的藥物治療,控制病情的最主要也是最有效手段就是自我管理。如今在我國,與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平不斷提升相伴的是農(nóng)村地區(qū)廣大人民群眾不斷改善的生活水平,并衍生導(dǎo)致糖尿病的發(fā)生率呈現(xiàn)出上升趨勢。城鄉(xiāng)一體化變革、飲食結(jié)構(gòu)改變、工作時間縮短等原因使糖尿病在農(nóng)村的流行速度非比從前。盡管現(xiàn)在在國家強調(diào)基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)均等化的大背景下,農(nóng)村地區(qū)得到了更多的醫(yī)療資源,農(nóng)村的群眾對慢性病的重視有了很大的提升,但農(nóng)村糖尿病人群規(guī)模仍越來越大,農(nóng)村糖尿病前期患者比例甚至與城市相當(dāng),甚至有地方出現(xiàn)了“糖尿病村”。但農(nóng)村地區(qū)患者由于科學(xué)衛(wèi)生知識水平較低,對糖尿病的認(rèn)知還存在許多誤區(qū),以致于經(jīng)常發(fā)生忽視自我管理或不了解自我管理的科學(xué)方法的現(xiàn)象,因此需要對其特別關(guān)注。鑒于農(nóng)村糖尿病患的控病特點,社會工作的介入將會是可行且有效的。本文選取菏澤市皇鎮(zhèn)鄉(xiāng)徐X=屯村和付海村為主要調(diào)查地。筆者與當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院慢性病科室、村衛(wèi)生室的工作人員接觸,了解當(dāng)?shù)靥悄虿』颊咦晕夜芾硇袨橹写嬖诘膯栴},并參照文獻資料和實際情況分析問題產(chǎn)生的原因,繼而嘗試召集調(diào)查地區(qū)有意愿的糖尿病患者組成支持性小組,邀請專業(yè)醫(yī)師作為指導(dǎo),對這些患者展開社會工作小組介入。在社會工作者的引導(dǎo)和專業(yè)醫(yī)師的科學(xué)衛(wèi)生知識指導(dǎo)下,小組成員逐漸敞開心扉,彼此交流訊息、經(jīng)驗、教訓(xùn),彼此鼓勵、互助、支持,使小組形成了人人努力達到自我管理的認(rèn)知科學(xué)、心態(tài)科學(xué)、方法科學(xué)的氛圍,在這種氛圍之中結(jié)合家庭、社會等因素,幫助小組成員探尋自身控病的問題并掌握正確的自我管理方法,最終達到穩(wěn)定血糖水平的目的。在實地研究中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)社會工作介入農(nóng)村糖尿病患者時要格外注意案主的文化水平和社會環(huán)境,要求社會工作者要以更多的耐心和更深入的引導(dǎo)來進行針對性的介入。本文作為一篇實務(wù)研究文章,探索了小組社會工作針對農(nóng)村慢性病患者介入的可行性、方法和經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn),以期為今后的相關(guān)研究拋磚引玉。
[Abstract]:Now, the treatment and control of diabetes has gradually become a hot social issue. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease group characterized by abnormal blood glucose level, accompanied by many kinds of complications with serious consequences. People with diabetes not only suffer from routine mental anxiety, but are also constantly on the lookout for potential complications. The chronic disease cannot be treated for long periods of time in hospitals, except for reasonable medication. The most important and effective means of controlling the disease is self-management. Now in our country, the rising level of economic development is accompanied by the continuous improvement of the living standards of the masses in rural areas, and the incidence of diabetes mellitus is on the rise. The transformation of urban and rural integration, the change of diet structure and the shortening of working hours make the prevalence rate of diabetes in rural areas not as fast as before. Despite the fact that in the context of the state's emphasis on equalization of basic public health services, rural areas have been given more medical resources, and people in rural areas have greatly increased their emphasis on chronic diseases, the scale of rural diabetes is still increasing. The proportion of prediabetic patients in rural areas is even comparable to that in urban areas, and there are even places where "diabetic villages" appear. However, due to the low level of scientific and health knowledge in rural areas, there are still many misunderstandings in the cognition of diabetes mellitus, which often lead to the phenomenon of neglecting self-management or scientific methods of self-management, so it is necessary to pay special attention to it. In view of the characteristics of diabetes control in rural areas, social work intervention will be feasible and effective. This paper selects Xu X = Tun Village and Fu Hai Village in Huangzhen Township of Heze City as the main investigation places. The author contacted the staff of the chronic disease department and the village health office of the local hospital to understand the problems existing in the self-management behavior of the local diabetic patients, and to analyze the causes of the problems with reference to the literature and the actual situation. An attempt was made to convene a supportive group of willing diabetics in the survey area and to invite professional physicians to conduct social work group interventions on these patients. Under the guidance of social workers and the scientific and health knowledge of professional doctors, the members of the group gradually opened up their hearts and shared information, experiences, lessons, encouragement, mutual assistance and support. The group has created an atmosphere of cognitive science, psychology science, and methodological science in which everyone works to achieve self-management, in which family, society, and other factors are integrated. Help team members to explore the problem of self-control and master the correct self-management to stabilize blood sugar levels. In the field study, the author found that the social work involved in rural diabetes patients should pay special attention to the cultural level and social environment of the victim, social workers should be more patient and more in-depth guidance to carry out targeted intervention. This paper, as a practical research article, explores the feasibility, methods and lessons of group social work for the intervention of chronic patients in rural areas, in order to draw lessons from the relevant studies in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R587.1;C916

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