本文關(guān)鍵詞：城市犯罪時(shí)空特征與機(jī)制——以北京城八區(qū)財(cái)產(chǎn)類犯罪為例，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

城市犯罪時(shí)空特征與機(jī)制——以北京城八區(qū)財(cái)產(chǎn)類犯罪為例

Research on the Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Mechanism of Urban Crime： A Case Study of Property Crime in Beijing

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FENG Jian, HUANG Linshan, DONG Ying, SONG Leilei （College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China）

北京大學(xué)城市與環(huán)境學(xué)院,北京100871

文章摘要：城市犯罪的時(shí)空模式是地理學(xué)“格局”和“過程”研究的重要課題。本文以北京城八區(qū)財(cái)產(chǎn)類犯罪為研究對象，利用GIS工具獲取和處理空間數(shù)據(jù)，探討城市犯罪的時(shí)空格局和時(shí)空模式，并建立時(shí)空機(jī)制模型。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：北京城市犯罪總體上呈現(xiàn)多中心分布格局，在商業(yè)繁華地帶和對外交通運(yùn)輸區(qū)存在明顯的高強(qiáng)度帶；各種犯罪類型空間格局既有共同性又有差異性；城市犯罪嫌疑人數(shù)量存在季節(jié)分異特點(diǎn)，但同一區(qū)域的犯罪地點(diǎn)數(shù)目具有一定的穩(wěn)定性；就時(shí)空機(jī)制而言，場所的時(shí)空特征作用于財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪參與者，進(jìn)而作用于犯罪要素并影響犯罪實(shí)施成功與否，而不同類型的財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪對場所時(shí)空特征要求不同，這些要求一旦與北京城市環(huán)境的特有屬性耦合，便產(chǎn)生犯罪高發(fā)地段和高發(fā)時(shí)段，，最終影響城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)。

Abstr：Urban crime problem brought about by the high-speed urbanization has arouse great attention from scholars in different fields, such as social scientists, psychologists and criminologists, whereas geographers place emphasis on the pattern and process of urban crime. In recent years, the Chinese crime information becomes more transparent and open than ever, thus providing a majestic opportnnity of urban crime study for the academics. To get a better understanding of the spatial pattern of urban crime, the city of Beijing is chosen as a study area and the software of GIS is employed to collect spatial data. The authors try to establish the quantitative representation of geographical characteristics of the crime associated with urban space, in order to set up the geographical model of urban crime and space. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows： First of all, the overall spatial distribution of urban crime in Beijing displays a picture of a polycentric structure and distance-decay. Secondly, the spatial distribution of urban crime has a reference to traffic center, concentration of urban commerce and population migration. Thirdly, the number of suspects and that of location where different types of crime happen have inter-annual variation, while both the total number of crime sites and their criminal density within each district are relatively stable. Fourthly, the spatial-temporal characteristics of sites act on both the participants of the property crimes and the criminal factors, which will decide whether or not an offender can commit a crime successfully. The hot spots and period of time of urban crime in Beijing has a close relation to the fact that the success of committing a property crime is b

文章關(guān)鍵詞：

Keyword：:urban crime property crime urban spatial struc~re sit,., Beijing

課題項(xiàng)目：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（40971085;41101151）

作者信息：會(huì)員可見

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：城市犯罪時(shí)空特征與機(jī)制——以北京城八區(qū)財(cái)產(chǎn)類犯罪為例，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。