本文關(guān)鍵詞：身份、組織與政治：1938-1958年的宋慶齡和保盟—中福會(huì)　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2009年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 保衛(wèi)中國(guó)同盟 中國(guó)福利基金會(huì) 中國(guó)福利會(huì) 宋慶齡

【摘要】： 保衛(wèi)中國(guó)同盟是宋慶齡1938年在香港創(chuàng)立的抗日救亡組織，它對(duì)海內(nèi)外呼吁抗戰(zhàn)、發(fā)起募捐，舉辦工業(yè)合作社和各種義演、義賣(mài)活動(dòng)，為中共及其軍隊(duì)提供了大量醫(yī)藥和物資援助，并創(chuàng)辦《保衛(wèi)中國(guó)同盟新聞通訊》、《華商報(bào)》等刊物，向世界宣傳中共的抗戰(zhàn)業(yè)績(jī)。1941年香港淪陷后，保盟遷至重慶繼續(xù)募款支援抗日根據(jù)地，并致力于救濟(jì)自然災(zāi)害。1945年，保盟改組為中國(guó)福利基金會(huì)，遷到上海，除繼續(xù)援助解放區(qū)外，主要進(jìn)行賑濟(jì)難民和孤兒、救助貧困的文化界人士等工作，演變?yōu)橐粋�(gè)社會(huì)救濟(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)。新中國(guó)成立后，宋慶齡于1950年將中國(guó)福利基金會(huì)改組為中國(guó)福利會(huì)，受中央和上海市政府雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，主要從事婦女、兒童的福利工作，彌補(bǔ)了初建的新政權(quán)無(wú)力顧及社會(huì)福利的不足；并以福利研究機(jī)構(gòu)的名義創(chuàng)辦《中國(guó)建設(shè)》英文刊物，向國(guó)際社會(huì)宣傳新政權(quán)，打破了少數(shù)國(guó)家對(duì)新中國(guó)的封鎖。隨著共和國(guó)建立初期一系列政治運(yùn)動(dòng)的開(kāi)展及行政人事的變革，中共黨組織在中福會(huì)總會(huì)及其下屬單位逐步建立并完善。到1958年，中國(guó)福利會(huì)嬗變?yōu)橹泄差I(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的一個(gè)具有婦幼保健、兒童文化、校外教育、國(guó)際宣傳等8個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的文教事業(yè)單位。 保盟—中福會(huì)之所以能歷經(jīng)抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)及共和國(guó)三個(gè)不同歷史時(shí)期、國(guó)共兩個(gè)不同的政治社會(huì)體制而延續(xù)至今，并為近代中國(guó)的社會(huì)救濟(jì)和福利事業(yè)做出了自己的獨(dú)特貢獻(xiàn)，除了該組織本身的特殊性外，，還在于宋慶齡的特殊身份及由此所織就的社會(huì)權(quán)力關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)的影響力。在這些因素的共同作用下，無(wú)論執(zhí)政的是國(guó)民黨還是共產(chǎn)黨，都對(duì)宋慶齡及其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的保盟—中福會(huì)的存在表現(xiàn)出一定程度的包容，這無(wú)形中為它營(yíng)造了一種微妙的政治氛圍。正因如此，使得保盟能夠在開(kāi)展社會(huì)救濟(jì)福利的同時(shí)支援中共，中福會(huì)在中共執(zhí)政后又能避免被取締的命運(yùn)并納入國(guó)家體制繼續(xù)服務(wù)，而宋慶齡的社會(huì)思想和實(shí)踐也在此過(guò)程中得以體現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Defend the China alliance was founded in Hongkong in 1938 by the Song Qingling Anti Japanese national salvation organization, its fundraising appeal for the overseas war, and various industrial cooperatives, organized charity, charity activities, provide a lot of medicine and material aid to CCP and its army, and founded the China News Alliance to defend the < >, < >, China Daily publications. The performance of.1941 years of war propaganda to the world after the fall of Hongkong, the League moved to Chongqing to continue fundraising to support Anti Japanese base areas, and is committed to the relief of natural disasters.1945 years, the League reorganized as China welfare fund, moved to Shanghai, in addition to continue to provide assistance to Jiefang District, mainly to provide relief for refugees and orphans, poverty relief and cultural circles people work, evolved as a social relief agency. After the founding of new Chinese, Song Qingling in 1950 China welfare fund for the restructuring of Chinese benefits will be under the dual leadership of the central government and the Shanghai municipal government Mainly engaged in women, children, welfare to work, making up for the deficiency of the new regime at the beginning of construction cannot take care of social welfare; and the name of welfare institutions founded China construction > < English publications, publicity of the new regime to the international community, broke a few countries on the new Chinese blockade. With the early establishment of a series of political movements to carry out administrative personnel and the change of Republic of China, Chinese Communist Party organization and its subordinate units in the Malan Flower will gradually establish and perfect. By 1958, Chinese welfare will change under the leadership of a maternal and child health care, children's culture, school education, educational institutions and other 8 international propaganda agencies.
The league has got - after the war, three different historical period of the liberation war and the Republic of China, the two different political and social systems and continues to this day, and made its own unique contributions to modern China social relief and welfare, in addition to the special nature of the organization itself, but also in the special status of Song Qingling the influence of the social fabric and the network power relations. In these factors, whether the ruling party is the Kuomintang and Communist Party, the leadership of Song Qingling and the League - got there showed a certain degree of tolerance, a delicate political atmosphere for it is intangible. Because of this, the environmental protection union at the same time of carrying out social relief and welfare support of the Communist Party of China, got in after the ruling Chinese Communist Party and can avoid the fate of the banned and incorporated into the national system of continued service And Song Qingling's social thought and practice were also embodied in this process.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K827

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