【摘要】：基于文化生態(tài)學(xué)、景觀地理學(xué)的分析視角,采用地理比較法和長時(shí)段歷史過程分析法剖析福建客家土樓的文化地理內(nèi)涵,認(rèn)為福建客家土樓的文化地理意義不能僅限于土樓本身特征的分析�？图胰藦闹性鴣�,而中原是"四戰(zhàn)之地",戰(zhàn)亂頻仍,中原居民渴望尋找相對完全的理想家園。西側(cè)關(guān)中盆地的"四塞之地"地形,構(gòu)成中原居民的理想家園模式。中原居民南遷至贛閩粵山區(qū)時(shí),終于找到了這樣的理想家園。外圍的高大山脈構(gòu)成了第一重"四塞之地",內(nèi)部的相對低矮的山地構(gòu)成了第二重"四塞之地",在此基礎(chǔ)上,堅(jiān)固結(jié)實(shí)且全方位封閉的土樓,構(gòu)成了最為安全的第三重"四塞之地"。因此,從文化地理角度而言,土樓是"四塞之地"的極致化的產(chǎn)物。在這種實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)上形成了形勢派風(fēng)水理論,并反饋至客家聚落的實(shí)踐中,使得客家聚落成為中國風(fēng)水案例的典型區(qū)和代表區(qū)和中國獨(dú)具特色的地域文化遺產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:Based on the perspective of cultural ecology and landscape geography, this paper analyzes the cultural and geographical connotation of Hakka Tulou in Fujian Province by means of geographical comparison method and long-term historical process analysis. The cultural and geographical significance of the Hakka Tulou in Fujian is not limited to the analysis of the characteristics of the Tulou itself. Hakka came from the Central Plains, which was the land of the four Wars, and the inhabitants of the Central Plains were eager to find a relatively complete ideal home. The terrain of "four stoppers" in the Guanzhong Basin on the west side constitutes the ideal home model for Central Plains residents. Central Plains residents moved south to the mountains of Fujian and Guangdong, finally found such an ideal home. The high mountains on the periphery constitute the first "four stoppers" and the relatively low mountains inside constitute the second "four stoppers." on this basis, solid and omni-directional closed earth buildings are built. Constitute the safest of the third "four stops". Therefore, from the point of view of culture and geography, Tulou is the ultimate product of the four stops. On the basis of this practice, the geomantic theory of situational school was formed and fed back to the practice of Hakka settlement, which made Hakka settlement a typical and representative area of Chinese geomantic cases and a unique regional cultural heritage of China.
【作者單位】： 南京師范大學(xué)地理科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(41430635)
【分類號】：K901.6

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