本文選題：鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象 + 鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境　； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：本文依托國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“江漢平原鄉(xiāng)村住區(qū)系統(tǒng)演變與人居環(huán)境優(yōu)化研究(40671050)”,從鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象介入鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境研究。貫穿全文的邏輯主線是：“提出問(wèn)題——鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象分析——影響因素分析——長(zhǎng)壽鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境發(fā)展模式——優(yōu)化路徑選擇”。本文以鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象與人居環(huán)境雙向視角,以地處江漢平原的中國(guó)長(zhǎng)壽之鄉(xiāng)湖北鐘祥為研究樣本,分析鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象與人居環(huán)境的關(guān)系與影響因素,探討健康長(zhǎng)壽的鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境發(fā)展模式,并針對(duì)當(dāng)代鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境的發(fā)展癥結(jié),提出優(yōu)化鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境的政策體系和發(fā)展路徑,為鄉(xiāng)村可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù),豐富人文地理學(xué)的研究?jī)?nèi)容。全文分為九章： 第一章為引言,重點(diǎn)分析選題背景和研究現(xiàn)狀。首先通過(guò)地理現(xiàn)象的觀察提出本文研究主題。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)缺乏對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境全面、系統(tǒng)的研究成果。一方面,關(guān)于人居環(huán)境的研究成果明顯偏向城市,對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境的研究成果往往局限于某一方面,缺乏系統(tǒng)性。另一方面,有關(guān)鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的研究方向單一,大多是從表面現(xiàn)象探尋長(zhǎng)壽的奧秘,缺乏系統(tǒng)的理論基礎(chǔ)研究。所以,從鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象與人居環(huán)境的雙向視角研究鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境優(yōu)化路徑具有強(qiáng)烈的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和深刻的理論意義。 第二章為人居環(huán)境視角下中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的分析,為鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象與人居環(huán)境的關(guān)系研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。首先定義了區(qū)域長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的含義,區(qū)域長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象是該地區(qū)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、環(huán)境、生活方式等諸多因素共同作用的結(jié)果。其次,根據(jù)區(qū)域長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的特征定義了鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象。通過(guò)對(duì)百歲老人分布特征分析,得出鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象是客觀存在的。并簡(jiǎn)要分析了鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的成因。最后,分析了本文的案例地區(qū)鐘祥鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的時(shí)空譜系。 第三章為鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象與人居環(huán)境的關(guān)系研究。首先根據(jù)基本理論和現(xiàn)象分析得出理論假設(shè)：鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境是鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的充分必要條件。然后通過(guò)對(duì)鐘祥以及周邊縣市鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)的人居環(huán)境質(zhì)量和長(zhǎng)壽水平進(jìn)行科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià),將其結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,得出鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象與人居環(huán)境呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系的結(jié)論。本章從宏觀上分析鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象與人居環(huán)境的關(guān)系,主要起承上啟下作用,后面幾章的內(nèi)容是在此宏觀分析的基礎(chǔ)之上進(jìn)行的微觀研究。 第四章為鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境中自然生態(tài)環(huán)境對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的影響因素分析。從氣候、地貌、水文和生物四個(gè)方面分析了鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境中的自然生態(tài)環(huán)境與鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的關(guān)系。氣候決定鄉(xiāng)村居民的生活習(xí)慣、住房建筑形式、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)等等,而氣溫、濕度、風(fēng)、日照和特殊天氣又是影響人居環(huán)境宜居性的主要因素。通過(guò)對(duì)鐘祥鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境適宜居住的氣候因子的綜合評(píng)價(jià),其結(jié)果顯示鐘祥的氣候非常適宜人類居住。地貌決定鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境的形態(tài)。鐘祥地貌的多樣性、過(guò)渡性和有序性等特點(diǎn)對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境的發(fā)展起著良好的基礎(chǔ)作用。水文環(huán)境是影響鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的重要因素之一。豐富的水資源和優(yōu)良的水質(zhì)是鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象不可或缺的基礎(chǔ)條件。多種多樣的生物不僅維持了自然界的持續(xù)發(fā)展,也是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的基本條件。鐘祥地區(qū)生物品種的多樣性、生物品質(zhì)的優(yōu)良性、生態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性和生態(tài)功能的完整性構(gòu)成了優(yōu)良的生態(tài)環(huán)境。 第五章為鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境中人文社會(huì)環(huán)境對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的影響因素分析。從鐘祥的鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)、鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)、文化風(fēng)俗和生活習(xí)慣四個(gè)方面探討人文社會(huì)環(huán)境與鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象之間的聯(lián)系。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展成為鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的物質(zhì)支撐系統(tǒng)；鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)為鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象創(chuàng)造了和諧的家園；文化風(fēng)俗與現(xiàn)代文明結(jié)合促進(jìn)了鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的形成和發(fā)展。生活習(xí)慣是人類壽命的關(guān)鍵因素之一,規(guī)律的起居習(xí)慣、健康的飲食習(xí)慣、勤勞好動(dòng)的習(xí)性和豐富的業(yè)余愛好都是鐘祥人長(zhǎng)壽的秘訣。 第六章為鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境中人工居住環(huán)境對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的影響因素分析。按照以人為本、針對(duì)性、全面性、代表性、層次性原則,構(gòu)建了鄉(xiāng)村人工居住環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,并對(duì)鐘祥鄉(xiāng)村居民進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià),得出鐘祥鄉(xiāng)村居民對(duì)人工居住環(huán)境滿意度總體評(píng)價(jià)為滿意的結(jié)論。合理的宅基地位置、適度的住宅面積、實(shí)用的房屋結(jié)構(gòu)、干凈的室內(nèi)小環(huán)境,以及庭院的綠色效應(yīng)共同構(gòu)成了長(zhǎng)壽鄉(xiāng)村的健康居住小環(huán)境。便捷的購(gòu)物環(huán)境、較為完善的文化教育服務(wù)體系、較健全的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系和穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)治安為鄉(xiāng)村居民的健康長(zhǎng)壽提供了良好的社會(huì)環(huán)境。道路交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)逐步完善,村民出行方便。清潔能源方面的推廣到位,有效的緩解了鄉(xiāng)村的空氣污染。 第七章為健康長(zhǎng)壽的鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境發(fā)展導(dǎo)向研究。本章是在前六章分析的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)鐘祥健康長(zhǎng)壽的鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié),為鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境建設(shè)的優(yōu)化路徑選擇提供參考。鐘祥鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境的建設(shè)充分利用自然生態(tài)環(huán)境優(yōu)勢(shì),并遵循與自然生態(tài)環(huán)境和諧共生思想。鐘祥鄉(xiāng)村人文社會(huì)環(huán)境發(fā)展包括促進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會(huì)空間發(fā)展、文化風(fēng)俗發(fā)展和社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老模式,實(shí)現(xiàn)民生幸福。鐘祥鄉(xiāng)村人工居住環(huán)境村莊空間布局受環(huán)境的影響,不同的地貌有不同的空間模式,其住宅發(fā)展不僅繼承了傳統(tǒng)民居建筑文化,也結(jié)合了現(xiàn)代文明。同時(shí),鄉(xiāng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、公共服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)得到長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展,鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境不斷改善。 第八章為健康長(zhǎng)壽的鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境的優(yōu)化路徑選擇。針對(duì)我國(guó)當(dāng)代鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境的發(fā)展癥結(jié),提出優(yōu)化鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境的相關(guān)政策和建議。確定了健康長(zhǎng)壽的鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境優(yōu)化基本原則：保持協(xié)調(diào)人地關(guān)系、始終堅(jiān)持以人為本、因地制宜的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)、相對(duì)集中的布局建設(shè)和傳承健康長(zhǎng)壽文化。提出了鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境優(yōu)化路徑選擇：一是自然生態(tài)環(huán)境系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化。在保持鄉(xiāng)村自然生態(tài)環(huán)境的“原生態(tài)”基礎(chǔ)上,加強(qiáng)鄉(xiāng)村自然生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。具體措施有：從戰(zhàn)略高度關(guān)注鄉(xiāng)村自然生態(tài)環(huán)境安全；加大資金投入和政策扶持力度；加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)科技推廣,大力發(fā)展生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)；強(qiáng)化鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)環(huán)境管理,控制工業(yè)污染；健全環(huán)境管理體系,加強(qiáng)環(huán)保執(zhí)法力度：加強(qiáng)宣傳教育,增強(qiáng)鄉(xiāng)村居民環(huán)保意識(shí)。二是人文社會(huì)環(huán)境優(yōu)化。具體措施有：推動(dòng)鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展,增加農(nóng)民收入,縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距；實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)空間的優(yōu)化；保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)文化,加強(qiáng)鄉(xiāng)村精神文明建設(shè)；發(fā)展社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老模式,推進(jìn)農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老服務(wù)和老齡事業(yè)。三是人工居住環(huán)境優(yōu)化。具體措施有：科學(xué)合理規(guī)劃鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)；優(yōu)化村莊居住區(qū)布局；提高鄉(xiāng)村住宅質(zhì)量,倡導(dǎo)健康住宅；完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)設(shè)施。 第九章為本文結(jié)論、創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)和后續(xù)研究。系統(tǒng)總結(jié)了全文的主要研究結(jié)論和主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn),并在分析全文的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了后續(xù)研究計(jì)劃。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象與人居環(huán)境的系統(tǒng)研究,得出的主要結(jié)論為：①鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境是一個(gè)與人類健康密切相關(guān)的外部因素；②鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)不是偶然的自然現(xiàn)象或社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,是鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)特殊的環(huán)境、生活方式和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等諸多因素共同作用的結(jié)果；③通過(guò)比較鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境質(zhì)量和鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽水平的空間分布情況,論證了鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象與人居環(huán)境的正相關(guān)關(guān)系；④鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)壽現(xiàn)象是自然生態(tài)環(huán)境、人文社會(huì)環(huán)境和人工居住環(huán)境綜合作用的結(jié)果；⑤在之前研究的基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)了健康長(zhǎng)壽的鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境發(fā)展導(dǎo)向；⑥提出了健康長(zhǎng)壽的鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境建設(shè)的優(yōu)化路徑。 本文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)為：①構(gòu)建鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境研究的新平臺(tái)；②切入鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境研究的新視角；③積極探索現(xiàn)代鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境優(yōu)化的新路徑。
[Abstract]:Based on the study of the evolution of rural human settlement system and the optimization of human settlement environment in the rural residential environment , the paper analyzes the relationship and influence factors of rural long - life phenomenon and human settlement environment , and puts forward the policy system and development path of optimizing rural human settlement environment . It provides scientific basis for sustainable development of rural areas and enriches the research contents of human geography . The whole text is divided into nine chapters :

The first chapter is introduction , focusing on the background and present situation of the research . Firstly , the author puts forward the theme of this paper through observing the geographical phenomenon . At present , the research results about the human settlement environment are obviously biased towards the city , and the research results about the rural human settlement environment are often limited to one aspect , lack of systematic theoretical foundation research . Therefore , the study of the rural human settlement environment optimization path from the two - way angle of the rural long - life phenomenon and the human settlement environment has a strong practical significance and profound theoretical significance .

The second chapter lays a foundation for the analysis of the long - life phenomenon of rural China under the perspective of human settlement environment . It lays a foundation for the study of the relationship between the long - life phenomenon and the human settlement environment . First , it defines the meaning of the long - life phenomenon in the region , and defines the rural long - life phenomenon according to the characteristics of the long - life phenomenon in the region .

In chapter 3 , the relationship between rural longevity and human settlement environment is studied . Firstly , according to the basic theory and phenomenon analysis , it is concluded that the rural human settlement environment is a sufficient and necessary condition for the long - life phenomenon in rural areas .

In chapter four , the relationship between the natural ecological environment and the rural longevity in rural human settlement environment is analyzed . The climate , landform , hydrology and biology are the main factors that affect the living habits of the country . The climate determines the living habits of the rural residents , the form of housing construction , the agricultural production , etc . The results show that the climate is very suitable for human habitation .

The fifth chapter analyses the influence factors of the human social environment on the rural long - life phenomenon in the rural human settlement environment . The relation between the human social environment and the rural long - life phenomenon is discussed from four aspects : the country economy , the rural society , the cultural customs and the living habits .
The rural community has created a harmonious home for the long - life phenomenon in rural areas ;
The combination of cultural customs and modern civilization promotes the formation and development of the long - life phenomenon in rural areas . The living habit is one of the key factors of human life . The habit of living , healthy eating habits , hard - working habits and rich hobbies are the secret of the long life of Zhongxiang people .

The sixth chapter analyses the influence factors of the artificial residential environment on rural longevity in rural human settlement environment . According to the people - oriented , targeted , comprehensive , representative and hierarchical principles , the paper constructs the evaluation index system of rural artificial residential environment , and makes a comprehensive evaluation on the overall evaluation of the residents ' satisfaction in the long - lived country . The reasonable house location , the perfect cultural education service system , the sound medical health service system and the stable public order form a good social environment for the healthy and long - life of the rural residents . The popularization of the clean energy sources is in place and the air pollution in the countryside is effectively alleviated .

Chapter 7 provides a research on the development of rural human settlement environment for healthy and long - life . This chapter is based on the analysis of the first six chapters , and provides a reference for the development of the rural human settlement environment . The construction of Zhongxiang rural human settlement environment makes full use of the advantages of natural ecological environment , and follows the harmonious symbiosis with the natural ecological environment . The development of the social environment in the xiang country includes the promotion of the rural economic development , the social space development , the cultural customs development and the community residence supporting mode , and the development of the residential development not only inherits the traditional residential building culture , but also combines the modern civilization . At the same time , the construction of the rural infrastructure and the construction of public service facilities have been developed , and the living environment of the country is improving .

Chapter 8 selects the optimal path of rural human settlement environment for healthy and long life . According to the development crux of the present rural human settlement environment in China , this paper puts forward some relevant policies and suggestions to optimize the rural human settlement environment .
Increase financial input and policy support ;
Strengthening agricultural science and technology popularization and developing eco - agriculture energetically ;
Strengthening the environmental management of township enterprises and controlling industrial pollution ;
Sound environmental management system , strengthen environmental protection law enforcement : strengthen publicity and education , strengthen the environmental awareness of rural residents . Second is the human social environment optimization . Specific measures include : promoting the steady development of rural economy , increasing farmers ' income and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas ;
To realize the optimization of rural social space ;
To protect the traditional culture and strengthen the construction of rural spiritual civilization ;
Develop community - based home - care pension model , advance rural old - age service and old - age enterprise . Third is the artificial residential environment optimization . Specific measures include : scientific and reasonable planning of rural community ;
Optimizing the layout of village residential areas ;
improve that quality of rural residence and promote healthy residence ;
Improve infrastructure and public service facilities .

Chapter 9 provides the conclusion , innovation point and follow - up study of this paper . The system summarizes the main research conclusion and main innovation points of the whole text , and puts forward the follow - up research plan on the basis of the analysis .

The main conclusions are as follows : 鈶，

本文編號(hào)：2107127