本文選題：明清時期 + 晉東南��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：歷史鄉(xiāng)村聚落地理研究是歷史聚落地理學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容,但也是歷史聚落地理研究中的薄弱部分。相比蓬勃發(fā)展的歷史城市地理研究,歷史鄉(xiāng)村聚落地理研究尚處在空白填補、理論構(gòu)建、方法創(chuàng)新的探索路上。堡寨聚落是歷史鄉(xiāng)村聚落的典型類別,蘊含豐富的自然、社會、民族和建筑信息,成為多學(xué)科關(guān)注的“焦點”。以往的堡寨聚落研究表現(xiàn)為以下幾個特點：一個是將堡寨聚落作為建筑單體進行建筑學(xué)方面的研究；一個是重視典型時期、典型區(qū)域的研究；一個是將堡寨聚落籠統(tǒng)地不加區(qū)別地研究。上述研究都從某些方面推動了堡寨聚落研究的深入,但也造成堡寨聚落研究碎片化的結(jié)果。目前的堡寨聚落研究,缺少非典型區(qū)域和非典型時期的研究,存在只關(guān)注現(xiàn)存堡寨建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)和布局,不注意分析其發(fā)展過程和軌跡的特點。堡寨聚落首先是聚落,有居民。堡寨聚落研究不能忽略居住其中人的行為對堡寨聚落興衰演變、規(guī)模布局的影響。只見建筑不見人的堡寨聚落研究是不生動、不全面、不透徹的。本文選取明清兩代的晉東南作為研究時段和區(qū)域,以普通鄉(xiāng)村堡寨聚落為研究對象,對其產(chǎn)生的歷史背景、形成發(fā)展歷程、時空分布軌跡、形態(tài)和類型的區(qū)域分布以及各種要素的影響等進行分析。試圖從一個完整的地理單元,連貫的時間尺度內(nèi)對明清晉東南的鄉(xiāng)村堡寨聚落進行全面分析,揭示其內(nèi)在的規(guī)律和特點。挖掘人在其中發(fā)揮的作用是本論文研究的特點。資料運用上,本文以正史、方志、碑刻、文集、古今地圖、地名志等資料為研究基礎(chǔ)。研究方法上,本文采取以歷史地理學(xué)方法為主,融合社會學(xué)、人類學(xué)、地名學(xué)、建筑學(xué)等學(xué)科的方法和手段,重視地理信息技術(shù)和實地考察,力圖多層面、多角度地揭示明清晉東南堡寨聚落的真實面貌。鄉(xiāng)村堡寨聚落是鄉(xiāng)村聚落的堡寨化。鄉(xiāng)村堡寨聚落除了具有一般鄉(xiāng)村聚落的居住功能外,還具備防御功能。明清晉東南的鄉(xiāng)村聚落堡寨化集中于兩個時期。一個是明嘉靖、隆慶時期,一個是明末清初。第一個時期,堡寨聚落的防御對象包括嘉靖初年的陳卿起義軍和嘉靖、隆慶之間頻繁侵入的蒙古軍隊。第二個時期,堡寨聚落的防御對象是明末長期盤踞在晉東南的農(nóng)民起義軍。清初姜壤掀起反清復(fù)明運動時,堡寨聚落的防御對象又轉(zhuǎn)向反清義軍或前來鎮(zhèn)壓的滿清軍隊。不同階段,因為防御對象及其影響區(qū)域不同,晉東南堡寨聚落的分布存在空間差異。明清晉東南堡寨聚落的分布可以從宏觀和微觀兩個層面進行分析。宏觀上,明嘉靖、隆慶時期限于沁州和潞安府境內(nèi),明末清初擴大到整個晉東南。微觀上,明嘉靖、隆慶時期為沿著河流、道路呈線性分布特點,而明末清初表現(xiàn)為全面覆蓋、區(qū)域集中性的特點。堡寨聚落的數(shù)量統(tǒng)計說明,并不是每個鄉(xiāng)村聚落在動亂時都修筑堡寨,是否修筑堡寨還與聚落本身的居民態(tài)度、人口規(guī)模、士紳力量、地貌基礎(chǔ)和是否被戰(zhàn)亂波及等因素密切關(guān)聯(lián)。堡寨聚落的規(guī)模與防御對象、聚落人口規(guī)模、堡寨與依托聚落關(guān)系、聚落中士紳商賈實力等關(guān)系密切。堡寨聚落的形態(tài)和空間結(jié)構(gòu)則受地貌條件和依托村莊形態(tài)影響。明清晉東南鄉(xiāng)村聚落的堡寨化集中于明嘉靖、隆慶時期和明末清初,直接誘因依次是陳卿起義、蒙古軍隊入侵和明末農(nóng)民起義、清初姜壤反清復(fù)明起義。堡寨聚落的分布和類型存在時空差異,背后既有地貌基礎(chǔ)的不同,也有防御對象、聚落規(guī)模、士紳力量、民居態(tài)度的差異。體現(xiàn)了堡寨聚落與自然、人文和社會的多重復(fù)雜關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The study of historical rural settlement geography is an important part of historical settlement geography, but it is also a weak part in the study of historical settlement geography. Compared with the flourishing historical urban geography research, the study of historical rural settlement geography is still in the blank filling, theory construction and exploration of method innovation. The typical category, which contains abundant natural, social, national and architectural information, has become the "focus" of multidisciplinary attention. The previous studies of the fort settlement are characterized by the following characteristics: one is the architectural study of the castle settlement as a building monomer; one is the study of the typical period, the typical area, and the other This study has promoted the deep study of fort village settlement in some aspects, but it also resulted in the fragmentation of the fort settlement research. At present, the research on the fort settlement, the lack of the research of the atypical region and the atypical period, has only closed the structure and layout of the existing Fort building, and does not pay attention to it. This paper analyzes the characteristics of its development process and track. The settlement of fort village is first of all settlements and residents. The study of fort village settlement can not ignore the influence of the behavior of the people living in Fort village to the evolution of the rise and fall of the fort settlement and the influence of the size distribution. In order to study the period and area, this paper takes the settlement of Village Fort as the research object, analyzes its historical background, the development course, the trajectory of space-time distribution, the regional distribution of form and type and the influence of various elements, and tries to make the Village Fort in the southeast of the Ming and Qing Dynasties from a complete geographical unit and in a coherent time scale. A comprehensive analysis of the village settlement has been made to reveal its inherent laws and characteristics. The role of the excavated man is the characteristic of this study. In the use of the data, this article is based on the data of the positive history, the chronicles, the inscriptions, the anthology, the map of the ancient and the modern times, the geographical names and so on. The methods and means of anthropology, geosinological, architecture and other disciplines, attach importance to geographic information technology and field investigation, and try to reveal the real features of the settlements in the southeast of Shanxi Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The village settlement fort in the southeast of the Ming and Qing Dynasties concentrated in two periods. One is the Ming Jiajing and the Longqing period, one is the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasty. The first period, the defense object of the fort settlement includes the Chen Qing uprising army and Jiajing in the first year of Jiajing, the frequent invasion of Mongolia army between the long Qing Dynasty. The defense object of the fort settlement in the second period. It was the peasant uprising army which was entrenched in the southeast of Jin Dynasty in the late Ming Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, when the Qing Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty set off the anti Qing and Ming Dynasty movement, the defense object of the fort village turned to the anti Qing Junyi army or the Manchu army which came to repression. In different stages, there were spatial differences in the distribution of the settlement in the southeastern Shanxi Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, because of the different defense objects and their affected areas. The distribution of the settlement can be analyzed from two levels in the macro and micro levels. In the macroscopic view, the Ming Jiajing period was limited to the Qinzhou and Lu'an houses, and the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty expanded to the southeast of Shanxi. The number of the settlements in Fort village shows that the village is not built in the turmoil of every village, and whether the building of the fort is closely related to the residents' attitude, the size of the population, the gentry strength, the geomorphological basis and whether the conflict is affected by the war. The form and spatial structure of the settlement in the village were influenced by the geomorphic conditions and the form of the village. The village settlement in the southeast of Shanxi Province was concentrated in the Ming Jiajing, the period of Longqing and the early Qing Dynasty in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The direct inducement was the Chen Qing Uprising, the invasion of Mongolia army and the peasants in the late Ming Dynasty. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the distribution and types of the villages in the village were different. There were different geomorphic bases and defensive objects, the size of the settlement, the gentry power and the differences in the attitude of the people, which reflected the complex relationship between the settlement and nature of fort village, the Humanities and the society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：K928.6
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本文編號：2031010