本文選題：鄉(xiāng)村集鎮(zhèn)　切入點：空間形態(tài)　出處：《西北師范大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：聚落地理是人文地理學研究的重要內(nèi)容之一，是研究人地關(guān)系的一個重要切入點。但二戰(zhàn)后，由于各國城市建設(shè)與經(jīng)濟的恢復與快速發(fā)展，國際上許多學者把重心轉(zhuǎn)向城市的研究，對鄉(xiāng)村地理的研究不斷弱化。同樣在國內(nèi)，由于城市化戰(zhàn)略的實施與城市經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展，中國規(guī)劃界與地理界也把目光轉(zhuǎn)向城市，鄉(xiāng)村聚落研究嚴重滯后。鄉(xiāng)村聚落是大量鄉(xiāng)村人口生產(chǎn)生活的地點，其形成與發(fā)展演變要受自然條件和鄉(xiāng)村社會、經(jīng)濟、文化等因素的深刻影響。我國農(nóng)村地區(qū)范圍廣大，人口眾多，聚落數(shù)量龐大。但我國鄉(xiāng)村聚落在長期的發(fā)展過程中面臨和存在著許多突出的問題。 研究區(qū)域通渭縣馬營鎮(zhèn)處于隴西黃土高原，境內(nèi)黃土廣布，山多川少，梁峁起伏，溝壑密布，地形破碎，屬黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)。馬營鎮(zhèn)也是我國西部開發(fā)較早的地區(qū)之一，農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展十分悠久。由于社會經(jīng)濟形態(tài)的逐步演進、多種社會經(jīng)濟因素的不斷變化以及自然條件的空間差異，馬營空間形態(tài)經(jīng)歷了從人類定居到秦漢唐宋以來的單一聚落形態(tài)、典型封建社會形態(tài)下明清時期的具有防御性質(zhì)的“三城四堡”的禮制格局、改革開放前特殊社會形態(tài)下更新置換的格局、改革開放后沿交通線呈東西帶狀組團式布局形態(tài)發(fā)展演變的現(xiàn)象。 本文以隴中地區(qū)集鎮(zhèn)空間形態(tài)演變?yōu)檠芯績?nèi)容，從社會、經(jīng)濟、歷史、地理、文化等多角度，運用理論研究與實證分析相結(jié)合、定性分析與定量研究相結(jié)合、文獻方法與社會調(diào)查方法相結(jié)合的研究方法與GIS技術(shù)手段，對馬營集鎮(zhèn)的起源、發(fā)展、演變進行了系統(tǒng)分析與綜合研究，從不同時空層面構(gòu)建了聚落發(fā)展及其結(jié)構(gòu)變遷的解釋框架。根據(jù)歷史文獻資料和考古資料，在鄉(xiāng)村聚落起源及發(fā)展方面，，論文總結(jié)梳理了聚落起源與發(fā)展的一般歷史軌跡。運用統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)和實地調(diào)研資料，對建國后馬營鎮(zhèn)空間結(jié)構(gòu)的演變也進行了系統(tǒng)研究。 本文最后提出了馬營集鎮(zhèn)空間形態(tài)演變趨向和下一步的研究的構(gòu)想，認為集鎮(zhèn)空間結(jié)構(gòu)要融入?yún)^(qū)域空間一體化的進程之中，關(guān)鍵是城鄉(xiāng)之間社會經(jīng)濟關(guān)系的一體化，這是城鄉(xiāng)一體化的本質(zhì)所規(guī)定，二者應(yīng)該通過政治的、經(jīng)濟的、社會的及自然的聯(lián)系，形成互相支持、互為依托的職能一體化地域。中國農(nóng)村社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的差異性很大，因此，在研究集鎮(zhèn)空間形態(tài)的變遷時應(yīng)該進行模式多樣化分析并由此確立我國廣大農(nóng)村集鎮(zhèn)空間結(jié)構(gòu)演化的一般性特點，對馬營集鎮(zhèn)空間結(jié)構(gòu)變遷的研究也可能不完全適合研究區(qū)的所有范圍，也不可能適合我國別的區(qū)域，這就要求我們進一步做好不同區(qū)域?qū)哟文Ｊ降姆治雠c總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:Settlement geography is one of the important contents in the study of human geography and an important entry point for the study of human-land relations. However, after World War II, due to the urban construction and economic recovery and rapid development of various countries, Many scholars in the world have turned their attention to the study of cities, and the study of rural geography has been weakened. At home, due to the implementation of urbanization strategy and the rapid development of urban economy, the planning and geography circles in China have also turned their attention to cities. The study of rural settlement is seriously lagging behind. Rural settlement is the place where a large number of rural people live and production. Its formation and development are deeply influenced by natural conditions, rural social, economic, cultural and other factors. With a large population and a large number of settlements, there are many outstanding problems in the long-term development of rural settlements in China. Maying Town, Tongwei County, is located on the Loess Plateau of Longxi, with a wide distribution of loess in its territory, less mountains and more rivers, undulating hills, dense gullies and broken terrain, which is a hilly and gully region of loess. Maying Town is also one of the early developed areas in the western part of China. Agricultural development is very long. Due to the gradual evolution of social and economic forms, the constant changes of various social and economic factors and the spatial differences of natural conditions, the spatial form of Ma Ying experienced a single settlement form from human settlement to the Qin, Han, Tang and Song dynasties. The ritual pattern of "three cities and four castles" in the Ming and Qing dynasties in the typical feudal society, and the replacement pattern in the special social form before the reform and opening up. After the reform and opening up, along the traffic line, the development and evolution of the East-West banded layout. This paper takes the spatial form evolution of the town in Longzhong region as the research content, from the social, economic, historical, geographical, cultural and other perspectives, using theoretical research and empirical analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative research combined. Based on the combination of literature method and social investigation method and GIS technique, the origin, development and evolution of Maying market town are systematically analyzed and comprehensively studied. Based on the historical literature and archaeological data, this paper constructs an explanatory framework for the development of settlements and their structural changes from different temporal and spatial levels, in terms of the origin and development of rural settlements. This paper summarizes and combs the general historical track of the origin and development of settlements and makes a systematic study of the evolution of the spatial structure of Maying Town after the founding of the people's Republic of China by using statistical data and field investigation data. Finally, the paper puts forward the evolution trend of the spatial form and the next step of the research of the market town, and holds that the integration of the social and economic relations between the urban and rural areas is the key to the integration of the spatial structure of the market town into the process of regional spatial integration. This is the essence of urban-rural integration. The two should form functional integration regions that support each other and rely on each other through political, economic, social and natural connections. Therefore, when studying the change of the spatial form of the market town, we should carry on the pattern diversification analysis and establish the general characteristic of the spatial structure evolution of the vast rural town in our country. The study on the spatial structure change of Maying market town may not be suitable for all the scope of the study area, nor can it be suitable for other regions in China, which requires us to further analyze and summarize the different regional hierarchy models.
【學位授予單位】：西北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K928.5

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