中國(guó)治理出生性別比偏高的公共政策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-16 04:49
【摘要】：自20世紀(jì)80年代初以來(lái),中國(guó)出生性別比開(kāi)始偏高,并呈現(xiàn)持續(xù)攀升的態(tài)勢(shì)。出生性別比的長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)偏高是人口發(fā)展過(guò)程中的性別結(jié)構(gòu)失衡,如果得不到有效的遏制,勢(shì)必會(huì)引發(fā)一系列的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。更為重要的是,出生性別比的長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)偏高說(shuō)明女性的生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)受到了相當(dāng)程度的侵害。因此,出生性別比偏高問(wèn)題引起了中國(guó)政府、研究者和社會(huì)公眾的普遍重視,成為中國(guó)構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)迫切需要解決的重要問(wèn)題之一。同時(shí),為了緩解出生性別比偏高給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的負(fù)面效應(yīng),中央和地方政府不僅通過(guò)制定規(guī)制生育決策過(guò)程中的性別選擇行為的法律、法規(guī)及社會(huì)政策,而且也通過(guò)實(shí)施各種社會(huì)項(xiàng)目積極倡導(dǎo)人們形成更為性別平等的生育觀念與生育文化。 但是,相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,盡管中國(guó)出生性別比的偏高程度和攀升速度得到了一定的控制,目前的出生性別比仍基本處于居高不下的狀態(tài)。同時(shí),出生性別比的偏高現(xiàn)象也仍較廣泛地存在于全國(guó)各地。這在一定程度上說(shuō)明現(xiàn)行治理出生性別偏高問(wèn)題的公共政策值得研究、評(píng)估及完善。如何科學(xué)地分析現(xiàn)行政策的目標(biāo)、對(duì)象、內(nèi)容及工具?如何準(zhǔn)確地判斷現(xiàn)行政策的治理效果?如何依據(jù)性別平等的原則調(diào)整完善現(xiàn)行的政策體系?這一系列問(wèn)題亟待做出理論解釋和實(shí)踐驗(yàn)證。 為了更好地從理論和實(shí)踐上對(duì)上述問(wèn)題進(jìn)行解釋、說(shuō)明,本文對(duì)治理出生性別比偏高的公共政策進(jìn)行了分析研究。首先,本文分析了中國(guó)出生性別比偏高現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景,指出出生性別比偏高是中國(guó)社會(huì)目前急需解決的公共政策問(wèn)題之一；其次,通過(guò)與治理出生性別比偏高的公共政策及研究文獻(xiàn)的回顧,構(gòu)建了治理出生性別比偏高的公共政策體系框架。同時(shí),利用公共政策系統(tǒng)分析的方法,從政策目標(biāo)、政策內(nèi)容、政策對(duì)象和政策工具四個(gè)維度對(duì)國(guó)家、省級(jí)、市縣及以下不同層面、不同類型治理出生性別比偏高的公共政策進(jìn)行了分析；然后,本文又設(shè)計(jì)了治理出生性別比偏高的公共政策效果評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系,運(yùn)用專家咨詢法和層次分析法對(duì)國(guó)家層面治理出生性別比偏高的公共政策效果進(jìn)行了評(píng)估；最后,在前文分析的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出構(gòu)建賦權(quán)性和系統(tǒng)性相結(jié)合的公共政策體系,以達(dá)到治理出生性別比偏高的目的。 通過(guò)研究和分析,文章得出以下主要研究結(jié)論：第一,公共政策的賦權(quán)性和系統(tǒng)性是治理出生性別比偏高的公共政策重點(diǎn)；第二,中國(guó)治理出生性別比偏高的公共政策體系已初步形成,但是其賦權(quán)性和系統(tǒng)性較差；第三,要建立賦權(quán)性和系統(tǒng)性相結(jié)合的公共政策體系,達(dá)到治理出生性別比偏高的目的。 文章的創(chuàng)新主要體現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)方面：第一,在研究思路上,突破了以往主要從人口學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)視角將出生性別比偏高作為一個(gè)人口社會(huì)問(wèn)題的研究思路,納入政治學(xué)和管理學(xué)的理論和方法,將治理出生性別比偏高作為一個(gè)公共政策問(wèn)題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的研究。第二,提出了治理出生性別比偏高公共政策的賦權(quán)性問(wèn)題,強(qiáng)調(diào)了不斷突出賦權(quán)性是增強(qiáng)政策針對(duì)性的關(guān)鍵所在。只有將性別平等意識(shí)納入公共政策制定和實(shí)施的整個(gè)過(guò)程,才能達(dá)到從根本上治理出生性別比偏高的目的。第三,提出了治理出生性別比偏高公共政策的系統(tǒng)性問(wèn)題,運(yùn)用政策分析和層次分析的方法,對(duì)國(guó)家層面、省級(jí)層面和市縣及以下層面治理出生性別比偏高的公共政策體系從政策目標(biāo)、政策內(nèi)容、政策對(duì)象及政策工具四個(gè)維度進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)性分析。然后又進(jìn)一步對(duì)國(guó)家層面治理出生性別比偏高的公共政策效果進(jìn)行量化評(píng)估,使得不同層面公共政策的問(wèn)題更加清楚、明晰,為進(jìn)一步完善該政策體系奠定了科學(xué)的分析基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 1980s, China's birth sex ratio has started to be high, and it has been rising. The long-term persistence of the sex ratio at birth is the unbalance of the sex structure in the process of population development. If it is not effectively contained, it will cause a series of social problems. More importantly, the long-term persistence of the sex ratio at birth indicates that women's right to survival and the right to development have been considerably violated. Therefore, the high sex ratio of the birth causes the Chinese government, the researchers and the public to pay attention to, become one of the important problems in the urgent need to solve the construction of the socialist harmonious society in China. At the same time, in order to alleviate the negative effects of the high sex ratio of the birth to the society, the central and local governments not only adopt the laws, regulations and social policies to regulate the sex selection in the decision-making process of the birth, It also actively advocates for the formation of a more gender-based reproductive and reproductive culture through the implementation of various social projects. However, relevant data show that, although the high degree of the sex ratio and the rising rate of the birth sex ratio in China have been controlled, the current birth sex ratio is still at a high level State. At the same time, the high-sex ratio of the birth sex ratio still exists in the whole country. To some extent, the public policy of the current problem of gender bias in governance is to be studied, assessed and Perfect. How to scientifically analyze the object, object, content and content of the current policy Tools? How to accurately judge the governance of the current policy Effect? How to adjust the current policy based on the principle of gender equality System? This series of problems need to be interpreted and practiced in theory. In order to better explain the above-mentioned problems in theory and practice, this paper explains the public policy with high sex ratio at birth. First, this paper analyzes the social and economic background of the high sex ratio of China, and points out that the high sex ratio of the birth is one of the public policy issues that the Chinese society needs to solve at present; secondly, through the public policy and the study of the higher sex ratio of the birth sex ratio The review of the literature and the construction of the public administration that govern the high sex ratio of the birth At the same time, using the method of the system analysis of public policy, the public policy of different types of governance and the higher sex ratio is carried out from four dimensions of the policy objective, the policy content, the policy object and the policy tool to the national, provincial, municipal and subnational levels. Then, this paper designs the evaluation index system of public policy effect with high sex ratio at birth, and evaluates the effect of public policy with high sex ratio at the national level by using the expert consultation method and the analytic hierarchy process. On the basis of the analysis, this paper puts forward the public policy system combining the empowerment and the systematicness, so as to achieve the control of the sex ratio of the birth Through the research and analysis, the following main research conclusions are drawn: First, the empowerment and the systematicness of public policy are the key to the public policy with high sex ratio at birth, and the second, the public administration of higher sex ratio in China. The system of policy has been initially formed, but its empowerment and systematicness are poor; and thirdly, it is necessary to establish a public policy system with a combination of empowerment and systematicness to achieve the control of birth The article's innovation is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: first, in the research thinking, the author breaks through the research thinking that the sex ratio of the birth is higher as a social problem in the past mainly from the perspective of demography and sociology, and is integrated into politics The theory and method of science and management, which will govern the high sex ratio at birth as a public The second part of the paper puts forward the problem of the empowerment of the public policy of the higher sex ratio and higher public policy, and emphasizes the increasing empowerment of the public policy. The key to strong policy is to achieve a fundamental rule only through the integration of gender awareness into the overall process of the formulation and implementation of public policies. In the third part, the author puts forward the systemic problem of the public policy of the higher sex ratio of the birth, the method of policy analysis and the level analysis, and the public policy with high sex ratio at the national level, the provincial level and the local and the following levels. from policy objectives, policy content, policy objects and policy instruments A systematic analysis is made on the dimensions of the public policy, and then the public policy effect of the higher sex ratio at the national level is quantitatively evaluated, so that the problems of public policy at different levels are more clear and clear, and the policy body is further improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開(kāi)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：C924.21
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 1980s, China's birth sex ratio has started to be high, and it has been rising. The long-term persistence of the sex ratio at birth is the unbalance of the sex structure in the process of population development. If it is not effectively contained, it will cause a series of social problems. More importantly, the long-term persistence of the sex ratio at birth indicates that women's right to survival and the right to development have been considerably violated. Therefore, the high sex ratio of the birth causes the Chinese government, the researchers and the public to pay attention to, become one of the important problems in the urgent need to solve the construction of the socialist harmonious society in China. At the same time, in order to alleviate the negative effects of the high sex ratio of the birth to the society, the central and local governments not only adopt the laws, regulations and social policies to regulate the sex selection in the decision-making process of the birth, It also actively advocates for the formation of a more gender-based reproductive and reproductive culture through the implementation of various social projects. However, relevant data show that, although the high degree of the sex ratio and the rising rate of the birth sex ratio in China have been controlled, the current birth sex ratio is still at a high level State. At the same time, the high-sex ratio of the birth sex ratio still exists in the whole country. To some extent, the public policy of the current problem of gender bias in governance is to be studied, assessed and Perfect. How to scientifically analyze the object, object, content and content of the current policy Tools? How to accurately judge the governance of the current policy Effect? How to adjust the current policy based on the principle of gender equality System? This series of problems need to be interpreted and practiced in theory. In order to better explain the above-mentioned problems in theory and practice, this paper explains the public policy with high sex ratio at birth. First, this paper analyzes the social and economic background of the high sex ratio of China, and points out that the high sex ratio of the birth is one of the public policy issues that the Chinese society needs to solve at present; secondly, through the public policy and the study of the higher sex ratio of the birth sex ratio The review of the literature and the construction of the public administration that govern the high sex ratio of the birth At the same time, using the method of the system analysis of public policy, the public policy of different types of governance and the higher sex ratio is carried out from four dimensions of the policy objective, the policy content, the policy object and the policy tool to the national, provincial, municipal and subnational levels. Then, this paper designs the evaluation index system of public policy effect with high sex ratio at birth, and evaluates the effect of public policy with high sex ratio at the national level by using the expert consultation method and the analytic hierarchy process. On the basis of the analysis, this paper puts forward the public policy system combining the empowerment and the systematicness, so as to achieve the control of the sex ratio of the birth Through the research and analysis, the following main research conclusions are drawn: First, the empowerment and the systematicness of public policy are the key to the public policy with high sex ratio at birth, and the second, the public administration of higher sex ratio in China. The system of policy has been initially formed, but its empowerment and systematicness are poor; and thirdly, it is necessary to establish a public policy system with a combination of empowerment and systematicness to achieve the control of birth The article's innovation is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: first, in the research thinking, the author breaks through the research thinking that the sex ratio of the birth is higher as a social problem in the past mainly from the perspective of demography and sociology, and is integrated into politics The theory and method of science and management, which will govern the high sex ratio at birth as a public The second part of the paper puts forward the problem of the empowerment of the public policy of the higher sex ratio and higher public policy, and emphasizes the increasing empowerment of the public policy. The key to strong policy is to achieve a fundamental rule only through the integration of gender awareness into the overall process of the formulation and implementation of public policies. In the third part, the author puts forward the systemic problem of the public policy of the higher sex ratio of the birth, the method of policy analysis and the level analysis, and the public policy with high sex ratio at the national level, the provincial level and the local and the following levels. from policy objectives, policy content, policy objects and policy instruments A systematic analysis is made on the dimensions of the public policy, and then the public policy effect of the higher sex ratio at the national level is quantitatively evaluated, so that the problems of public policy at different levels are more clear and clear, and the policy body is further improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開(kāi)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：C924.21
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