農(nóng)業(yè)、人口與市
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-11 08:57
【摘要】：波士坦的"新人口論"是西方經(jīng)濟史領(lǐng)域研究中世紀經(jīng)濟的一個非常有影響的理論,20世紀70年代末已經(jīng)遭受過很多批評。批評者認為,它對同時期整個歐洲經(jīng)濟沒有普遍的說服力,但是并沒有指出其不足的原因所在。本文認為,如果將"新人口論"拿來檢驗中國傳統(tǒng)社會、尤其檢驗中國清朝"康乾"時期的人地關(guān)系時,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)"新人口論"將面臨崩潰的危險。人口因素的確是前近代社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)生長時段波動的關(guān)鍵性因素之一,但不是唯一的、甚至不是至關(guān)重要的因素;單純從經(jīng)濟學的角度看,市場因素也同樣重要。中西方傳統(tǒng)社會因社會經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)不同,市場機制也不一樣。中國主要以"自然生成"的市場為主;西歐則以"法權(quán)驅(qū)動"的市場占多數(shù),這樣的市場會造成市場權(quán)的競爭。正是市場權(quán)的競爭加劇了人口變化的力度,否則,單純的人口數(shù)量不足以造成經(jīng)濟出現(xiàn)周期性波動。如果將人口因素與市場因素合到一起,那么,"新人口論"就更有說服力了。
[Abstract]:Bostin's "New population Theory" is a very influential theory in the field of western economic history, which has been criticized in the late 1970s. Critics say it was unconvincing for the European economy as a whole over the same period, but did not point to the reasons for its shortcomings. This paper holds that if the "new population theory" is used to test the traditional Chinese society, especially the relationship between the people and the land during the "Kang and Qian" period of the Qing Dynasty, it will be found that the "new population theory" will face the danger of collapse. The population factor is indeed one of the key factors of the long term fluctuation of the social economy in the pre-modern times, but it is not the only or even the most important factor, and the market factor is equally important from the angle of economics. Chinese and western traditional society because of the social and economic structure, market mechanism is not the same. China is mainly a "naturally generated" market, while Western Europe is dominated by a "legal-driven" market, which will result in competition for market power. It is the competition of market power that intensifies the change of population, otherwise, the quantity of population is not enough to cause the cyclical fluctuation of economy. New demographics are more persuasive if demographic and market factors are combined.
【作者單位】： 天津師范大學歐洲經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展研究中心;
【基金】：國家社科基金資助項目,批準號為10BSS007
【分類號】：C924.2
[Abstract]:Bostin's "New population Theory" is a very influential theory in the field of western economic history, which has been criticized in the late 1970s. Critics say it was unconvincing for the European economy as a whole over the same period, but did not point to the reasons for its shortcomings. This paper holds that if the "new population theory" is used to test the traditional Chinese society, especially the relationship between the people and the land during the "Kang and Qian" period of the Qing Dynasty, it will be found that the "new population theory" will face the danger of collapse. The population factor is indeed one of the key factors of the long term fluctuation of the social economy in the pre-modern times, but it is not the only or even the most important factor, and the market factor is equally important from the angle of economics. Chinese and western traditional society because of the social and economic structure, market mechanism is not the same. China is mainly a "naturally generated" market, while Western Europe is dominated by a "legal-driven" market, which will result in competition for market power. It is the competition of market power that intensifies the change of population, otherwise, the quantity of population is not enough to cause the cyclical fluctuation of economy. New demographics are more persuasive if demographic and market factors are combined.
【作者單位】： 天津師范大學歐洲經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展研究中心;
【基金】：國家社科基金資助項目,批準號為10BSS007
【分類號】：C924.2
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前6條
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2 謝豐齋;12—14世紀英國小城鎮(zhèn)興起初探[J];世界歷史;2002年04期
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