中國的人口變動:1978—2012
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up in 1978, China's economy has achieved rapid growth. In this process, the population and labor force also experienced profound changes. The population grew from 960 million in 1978 to 1.35 billion in 2012, and the population growth rate fell from 1.2 percent in 1978 to 0.5 percent in 2012. The proportion of urban residents rose from 17.9% in 1978 to 52.6% in 2012. The structure of labor force employment has also changed significantly. The share of agricultural labour in the total labour force fell from 70.5 per cent in 1978 to 34.8 per cent in 2011. The proportion of industrial and service labor in the total labor force rose from 17.3 percent and 12.2 percent in 1978 to 29.5 percent and 35.7percent in 2011, respectively. The number of agricultural workers has continued to decline since 2003. A major driver of demographic change and labor migration in China over the past 30 years has been economic growth. On the whole, China's population changes and labor transfer show some general regular phenomena accompanied by economic growth. However, because of the special population policy that China has implemented in the past 30 years-the family planning policy with the nature of directive plan and the household registration policy with control, it has caused some demographic changes and demographic distortions. At present, China as a whole still belongs to the low- and middle-income countries, but the population growth rate and the fertility rate have reached the level that the developed countries basically completed industrialization and urbanization in history. And it is facing the aging population and the shortage of young labor force that began to appear in the developed countries in the post-industrialization era (the proportion of industry in the economy began to decline), while China is still far from completing the process of industrialization and urbanization. In the next five to 10 years, China will need to make some major adjustments to its current population policy, including the total elimination of the family planning and controlled household registration policy, which has the nature of mandatory planning. Vocational and technical education in industry and agriculture, which belongs to senior high school, is free of charge.
【作者單位】: 對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)國際經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易學(xué)院;南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟管理學(xué)院;
【基金】:南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟管理學(xué)院的支持
【分類號】:C924.24
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1 周W,
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