【摘要】：隨著全球化進程的加速,人口流動或遷移日漸成為現(xiàn)代人生活方式的重要組成部分。福建省因其特殊的地理位置,歷史上就是人口跨境遷移的主要省份之一。改革開放以來,福建人口跨境遷移的遷出地呈現(xiàn)出從南向北、從東向西、從沿海向內(nèi)陸地區(qū)延伸的趨勢,突出地表現(xiàn)為在福清、長樂、連江等閩東南沿海地區(qū)出國潮繼續(xù)發(fā)展的同時,南平、三明等內(nèi)陸山區(qū)也開始出現(xiàn)人口的跨國遷移。而遷入地也從傳統(tǒng)的東南亞地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)向歐美發(fā)達國家。作為當代農(nóng)村人口流動的新現(xiàn)象,改革開放后山區(qū)人口的跨境遷移更加吸引著國內(nèi)外學者的關(guān)注。然而,縱觀國內(nèi)外學術(shù)界對農(nóng)村人口跨境遷移的研究時卻發(fā)現(xiàn),對于農(nóng)村人口跨境遷移所引發(fā)的遷出地社會文化的變化是相關(guān)研究中較為薄弱的一個環(huán)節(jié),更少有研究涉及遷出地的文化景觀變遷。 本論文以田野調(diào)查資料為基礎(chǔ),采取宏觀考察與個案研究方法,并結(jié)合社會學、人口學、地理學等多學科的相關(guān)理論,探究福建明溪縣沙溪村人口跨境遷移的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程,以及由此引發(fā)的山區(qū)農(nóng)村社會文化景觀的變遷。研究表明：改革開放后山區(qū)農(nóng)村人口跨境遷移的發(fā)生是國內(nèi)外綜合因素作用的結(jié)果。在發(fā)展過程中,農(nóng)村人口跨境遷移方式已經(jīng)形成了具有一定邏輯性的機制,并呈現(xiàn)出地域和社會性規(guī)律等特征。人口跨境遷移是在遷移者個人選擇和信息獲取前提下,通過移民網(wǎng)絡(luò)逐步形成和發(fā)展。改革開放后山區(qū)農(nóng)村人口跨境遷移以歐洲等發(fā)達國家為主要遷入地,而遷移者多是文化程度較低的青壯年勞動力,男性居多。此外,當人口跨境遷移發(fā)展到一定程度時會對遷出地社會產(chǎn)生影響,改變了當?shù)匚幕坝^的原始形態(tài)。無論是土地、聚落和建筑等物質(zhì)文化景觀,還是信仰、生活方式等非物質(zhì)文化景觀皆在人口跨境遷移后發(fā)生了深刻的變化,而這些對于山區(qū)農(nóng)村社會的發(fā)展具有雙面效應。如何看待山區(qū)農(nóng)村人口的跨境遷移,需認真面對；而如何利用人口跨境遷移過程中帶來的優(yōu)勢資源促進山區(qū)農(nóng)村的發(fā)展,則是一個亟待解決的現(xiàn)實問題。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of globalization, population mobility or migration has become an important part of modern life style. Due to its special geographical location, Fujian Province has been one of the major provinces in the history of population migration across borders. Since the reform and opening up to the outside world, the migration of population across the border in Fujian has shown a trend from south to north, from east to west, from the coast to the inland areas, showing prominently in Fuqing and Changle. While the tide of going abroad in the southeast coastal areas of Fujian continued to develop, the inland mountainous areas such as Nanping and Sanming began to migrate across the border. And the relocation area from the traditional Southeast Asia to Europe and the United States developed countries. As a new phenomenon of rural population mobility, the cross-border migration of population in mountainous areas has attracted more attention of scholars at home and abroad since the reform and opening up. However, it is found that the change of social culture caused by the cross-border migration of rural population is a relatively weak link in the relevant research, while the research on the cross-border migration of rural population in the academic circles at home and abroad has found that the change of social culture caused by the cross-border migration of rural population is a relatively weak link. Few studies have involved the cultural landscape changes of relocation. Based on the field investigation data, this paper adopts the methods of macroscopic investigation and case study, and combines the relevant theories of sociology, demography, geography and so on, to explore the occurrence and development process of the cross-border migration of population in Shaxi Village, Mingxi County, Fujian Province. And the change of rural social and cultural landscape caused by it. The results show that the cross-border migration of rural population in mountainous areas is the result of comprehensive factors at home and abroad. In the process of development, the mode of cross-border migration of rural population has formed a certain logical mechanism, and has the characteristics of regional and social law. Under the premise of individual choice and information acquisition, population migration is gradually formed and developed through the migration network. After the reform and opening up to the outside world, the main migration areas of rural population in mountainous areas are developed countries such as Europe, and most of them are young and middle-aged labor force with lower education level, most of whom are men. In addition, when the cross-border migration of population develops to a certain extent, it will have an impact on the emigration society and change the original form of the local cultural landscape. The immaterial cultural landscape, such as land, settlement and architecture, as well as belief, lifestyle and other immaterial cultural landscapes have undergone profound changes after the migration of population across the border, which has a double-sided effect on the development of rural society in mountainous areas. How to treat the cross-border migration of rural population in mountainous areas needs to be seriously faced, and how to use the advantage resources brought in the process of cross-border migration to promote the development of rural areas in mountainous areas is a practical problem to be solved urgently.
【學位授予單位】：福建師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：C922

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