“單獨(dú)兩孩”政策實(shí)施中存在的問題及對(duì)策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-02 07:40
【摘要】：人口和家庭是一個(gè)國家和民族最基本的構(gòu)成單位,人口問題一直以來都是關(guān)乎國家生存發(fā)展的重大戰(zhàn)略問題。從上世紀(jì)70年代開始,針對(duì)我國人口基數(shù)大、人口增長過快的實(shí)際情況,國家決定開始實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育政策。計(jì)劃生育政策是新中國成立以來實(shí)施時(shí)間最久、最受民眾關(guān)注的一項(xiàng)基本國策,它不僅在及時(shí)控制我國人口增長速度方面產(chǎn)生了明顯效果,也在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)快速發(fā)展方面起到了重要作用。然而,計(jì)劃生育政策經(jīng)過幾十年的實(shí)踐,雖然取得了舉世矚目的成績,同時(shí)也帶來了許多不容忽視的問題,如人口老齡化程度加快、男女比例嚴(yán)重失調(diào)、新增勞動(dòng)力銳減、獨(dú)生子女家庭風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加重等等。在這一背景下,十八屆三中全會(huì)作出決定,在全國范圍內(nèi)正式實(shí)施“單獨(dú)兩孩”政策,被視為我國生育政策史上的重要里程碑�！皢为�(dú)兩孩”政策實(shí)施兩年以來,雖然也取得了一定的效果,但依然與預(yù)期目標(biāo)相去甚遠(yuǎn)。即便有了政策的支持,許多符合生育條件的家庭受各個(gè)方面的因素影響,生育意愿并不強(qiáng)烈,這在一定程度上催生了2015年11月我國“全面兩孩”政策的放開。本文首先從我國計(jì)劃生育政策出現(xiàn)的歷史背景出發(fā),總結(jié)了我國在實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育以來所取得的成績,并分析了所引發(fā)的的社會(huì)問題和消極影響;其次,從“單獨(dú)兩孩”政策的實(shí)際實(shí)施情況出發(fā),探究政策實(shí)施過程中存在的各種問題,通過數(shù)據(jù)比對(duì)、調(diào)查問卷等方式對(duì)新政策的實(shí)施效果與預(yù)期目標(biāo)出現(xiàn)差距的根本原因進(jìn)行研究分析,并介紹國家針對(duì)上述問題而對(duì)計(jì)劃生育政策進(jìn)行的調(diào)整和完善,即“全面兩孩”政策的出臺(tái);最后從以“單獨(dú)兩孩”政策實(shí)施過程中積累的經(jīng)驗(yàn)為借鑒,針對(duì)“全面兩孩”政策的實(shí)施提出相應(yīng)的可行性建議和意見,探討如何穩(wěn)妥扎實(shí)有序地推進(jìn)調(diào)整完善生育政策,促進(jìn)人口長期均衡發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Population and family are the most basic units of a country and a nation. Population problem has always been a major strategic issue related to the survival and development of a country. Since the 1970s, in view of the fact that China's population base is large and population growth is too fast, the state has decided to implement the family planning policy. The family planning policy is a basic national policy that has been implemented for the longest time since the founding of New China and received the most attention of the public. It has not only produced obvious results in controlling the speed of population growth in China in a timely manner. Also in the promotion of rapid economic and social development has played an important role. However, after decades of practice, although the family planning policy has made remarkable achievements, it has also brought many problems that cannot be ignored, such as the accelerated ageing of the population, the serious imbalance between men and women, and the sharp decrease in the new labor force. Only child family risk aggravation and so on. In this context, the decision of the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to formally implement the policy of "single two-child" in the whole country is regarded as an important milestone in the history of China's fertility policy. Although two-child policy has achieved some results since it was implemented two years ago, it is still far from the expected goal. Even with the support of the policy, many eligible families are influenced by various factors and their desire to have children is not strong, which to some extent led to the liberalization of the "comprehensive two-child" policy in China in November 2015. Based on the historical background of China's family planning policy, this paper summarizes the achievements made since the implementation of family planning, and analyzes the social problems and negative effects. Secondly, starting from the actual implementation of the policy of "single and two-child", this paper explores the various problems existing in the process of implementing the policy, and compares the data with each other. The basic causes of the gap between the implementation effect of the new policy and the expected goal are studied and analyzed by questionnaire, and the adjustment and perfection of the national family planning policy aiming at the above problems are introduced. That is, the introduction of the "comprehensive two-child" policy; Finally, based on the experience accumulated in the implementation of the policy of "single and two children", this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions and suggestions for the implementation of the policy of "two children in an all-round way", and probes into how to advance the adjustment and perfection of the birth policy in a steady and orderly manner. To promote the long-term balanced development of the population.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：C924.21
，
本文編號(hào)：2305373
[Abstract]:Population and family are the most basic units of a country and a nation. Population problem has always been a major strategic issue related to the survival and development of a country. Since the 1970s, in view of the fact that China's population base is large and population growth is too fast, the state has decided to implement the family planning policy. The family planning policy is a basic national policy that has been implemented for the longest time since the founding of New China and received the most attention of the public. It has not only produced obvious results in controlling the speed of population growth in China in a timely manner. Also in the promotion of rapid economic and social development has played an important role. However, after decades of practice, although the family planning policy has made remarkable achievements, it has also brought many problems that cannot be ignored, such as the accelerated ageing of the population, the serious imbalance between men and women, and the sharp decrease in the new labor force. Only child family risk aggravation and so on. In this context, the decision of the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to formally implement the policy of "single two-child" in the whole country is regarded as an important milestone in the history of China's fertility policy. Although two-child policy has achieved some results since it was implemented two years ago, it is still far from the expected goal. Even with the support of the policy, many eligible families are influenced by various factors and their desire to have children is not strong, which to some extent led to the liberalization of the "comprehensive two-child" policy in China in November 2015. Based on the historical background of China's family planning policy, this paper summarizes the achievements made since the implementation of family planning, and analyzes the social problems and negative effects. Secondly, starting from the actual implementation of the policy of "single and two-child", this paper explores the various problems existing in the process of implementing the policy, and compares the data with each other. The basic causes of the gap between the implementation effect of the new policy and the expected goal are studied and analyzed by questionnaire, and the adjustment and perfection of the national family planning policy aiming at the above problems are introduced. That is, the introduction of the "comprehensive two-child" policy; Finally, based on the experience accumulated in the implementation of the policy of "single and two children", this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions and suggestions for the implementation of the policy of "two children in an all-round way", and probes into how to advance the adjustment and perfection of the birth policy in a steady and orderly manner. To promote the long-term balanced development of the population.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：C924.21
，
本文編號(hào)：2305373
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/renkou/2305373.html
最近更新
教材專著
