【摘要】：我國計劃生育理念的提出雖然很早，但是全面實施卻在上世紀六十年代，被定為基本國策則到了上世紀八十年代。為落實國家的計劃生育政策，計劃生育工作相關組織和機構(gòu)逐步建立健全。毫無疑問，占我國人口多數(shù)的農(nóng)村居民是計劃生育服務及管理工作的主體，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府的計劃生育工作是落實計劃生育基本國策的基本保證，是穩(wěn)定農(nóng)村低生育水平的主要陣地，在維護廣大農(nóng)村群眾計劃生育、生殖健康權(quán)益方面具有重要作用。因而，充分認識當前國家政府機構(gòu)改革的政策取向，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府計劃生育的職能狀況以及農(nóng)村居民服務需求的變化，探討鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府在計劃生育工作中服務功能定位具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。在新的形勢下，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府要及時轉(zhuǎn)變觀念，以服務型政府理念為指導完善服務體系、拓寬服務渠道、以人為本做好農(nóng)村計劃生育工作。在計劃生育服務工作轉(zhuǎn)型的過程中，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府存在責任缺失問題，如宣教工作沒有取得相應效果，農(nóng)民生育意愿與政策矛盾巨大；上級政府對鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府考核指標脫離實際；流動人口跟蹤管理系統(tǒng)和監(jiān)督制約措施缺乏；計劃生育服務公共物品投入不足，設施陳舊；技術力量不足，技術服務水平不高；技術人員的職業(yè)道德還需進一步加強等。這都需要鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府創(chuàng)新管理模式，，尋求解決方法。這就要求鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)鎮(zhèn)府在工作中做到加強政策宣傳引導，堅持獎勵扶助制度；建立科學的考核評估體系，實事求是地制定計劃生育考核指標；加強流動人口跟蹤管理系統(tǒng)，完善監(jiān)督制約體制；加大財政投入，完善公共性服務建設；強基固本、加強計劃生育隊伍建設；加快由控制導向的強制理念向服務導向的管理理念的轉(zhuǎn)變,最終實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定低生育水平、提高人口素質(zhì)、改善人口結(jié)構(gòu)、引導人口合理分布、保障人口安全的新目標。
[Abstract]:Although the concept of family planning in our country was put forward very early, it was put into full practice in the 1960s, and it was regarded as the basic national policy until the eighties of last century. To implement the national family planning policy, family planning work related organizations and institutions gradually established and improved. There is no doubt that rural residents, who account for the majority of our population, are the main body of family planning services and management, and the family planning work of township governments is the basic guarantee for the implementation of the basic national policy of family planning and the main position for stabilizing the low fertility level in rural areas. In safeguarding the broad masses of rural family planning, reproductive health rights and interests have an important role. Therefore, we should fully understand the policy orientation of the reform of state government institutions, the functions of township governments in family planning, and the changes in the service needs of rural residents. It is of great practical significance to probe into the orientation of service function of township government in family planning work. Under the new situation, the township government should change the concept in time, perfect the service system under the guidance of the service-oriented government idea, widen the service channel, and do the rural family planning work well with people first. In the process of the transition of family planning service, the township government has the problem of lack of responsibility, such as the propaganda and education work has not achieved the corresponding effect, the contradiction between farmers' fertility intention and policy is huge, the higher government is divorced from the reality to the assessment index of the township government; The floating population tracking management system and supervision and restriction measures are lacking; the family planning service public goods investment is insufficient, the facilities are old; the technical strength is insufficient, the technical service level is not high; the professional ethics of the technical personnel need to be further strengthened. This needs the township government innovation management mode, seeks the solution. This requires the township government to strengthen policy propaganda and guidance in its work, to adhere to the system of reward and support, to establish a scientific assessment and evaluation system, to formulate the assessment index for family planning in a practical and realistic manner, and to strengthen the system of tracking and managing the floating population. To improve the supervision and restriction system; to increase financial input and improve the construction of public services; to strengthen the foundation and consolidate the foundation and strengthen the building of family planning teams; to speed up the transformation from a control-oriented compulsory concept to a service-oriented management concept, Finally, the new goal of stabilizing the low fertility level, improving the quality of population, improving the population structure, guiding the rational distribution of the population and ensuring the safety of the population is realized.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：C924.21;D630

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