近代河南人口問題研究（1912-1953）
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-17 13:33
【摘要】：本文是一篇區(qū)域斷代人口史方面的研究論文,主要研究對象是近代河南省的人口問題,時間范圍從1912年(民國元年)至1953年。 本文在對民國時期河南省人口統(tǒng)計制度深入研究的基礎(chǔ)上,重點(diǎn)分析民國時期各個年份的河南人口統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù),綜合運(yùn)用各種方法進(jìn)行比較研究,確定河南省1916年和1935年兩個年份的數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量相對較好,可供研究使用,而1953年人口普查質(zhì)量很高,數(shù)據(jù)可靠,是民國人口史研究的重要參照。據(jù)此本文選擇以1916、1935、1953年為研究的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)年份,以這三個年份為基準(zhǔn),考察民國時期河南省的人口變化規(guī)律。為更好地研究河南省不同區(qū)域人口的變化,本文以1935年十一個行政督察區(qū)為準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行分區(qū)研究,以揭示不同地區(qū)的人口變動。 對入口密度的分析表明：1916年河南省山區(qū)人口密度明顯小于平原地區(qū),形成了人口密度分界線的西北一東南走向,絕大多數(shù)人口高密度縣份集中在此線以東以北的一個帶狀區(qū)域。1935年的人口密度顯示這一格局仍然持續(xù),但隴海線、平漢線兩大鐵路沿線的縣份人口密度有較明顯增長。到1953年,全省人口密度的空間格局有了較大變化,區(qū)域中心城市的人口密度有明顯增長,抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期花園口決堤形成的黃泛區(qū)對沿線人口密度有相當(dāng)程度的負(fù)面影響,而且這一后果持續(xù)了相當(dāng)長的時間�？傮w而言,1916-1953年人口增長最顯著的地區(qū)主要是各新老城鎮(zhèn)中心。沿平漢、隴海鐵路的新城鎮(zhèn)中心(即人口聚集區(qū))不斷涌現(xiàn),沿平漢、隴海鐵路的老城鎮(zhèn)中心也能保持其原有的地位,而遠(yuǎn)離兩大干線的老城鎮(zhèn)中心相對衰落,此外一些礦山地區(qū)也開始興起,人口顯著增長�，F(xiàn)代河南城市體系格局,在民國時期已現(xiàn)雛形。 對各地人口增長率的研究顯示：1916-1935年間,全省人口增長了12.3%,年均增長率6.1‰。1935-1953年間,全省人口增長了22.9%,年均增長率11.5‰。綜觀1916-1953年間,全省人口增長了38.0%,年均增長率8.7‰。1916-1935年間人口增長最顯著的縣份基本集中在平漢、隴海兩條鐵路以及淮河沿線,然而連年的戰(zhàn)爭、災(zāi)害和匪患,導(dǎo)致該時段人口增長受到負(fù)面影響。1935-1953年間人口增長率普遍較高,只有豫北、豫西及豫中地區(qū)增長率明顯偏低,這些地區(qū)是抗戰(zhàn)時期受戰(zhàn)爭蹂躪最多的地區(qū),這一時期人口增長的空間格局呈現(xiàn)出不平衡狀態(tài)。 對于婚姻、生育和家庭的研究顯示：民國時期河南省的婚育模式是一種典型的早婚早育和普遍結(jié)婚的模式。但不同時間、不同地點(diǎn)的有偶率卻有相當(dāng)?shù)牟町?這主要是受到人口性別一年齡結(jié)構(gòu)不同的影響。對歷年出生率的考察顯示,從1912年到1935年出生率的登記都嚴(yán)重偏低,發(fā)生了普遍的漏報。對分縣戶均口數(shù)的分析表明,西北部地區(qū)和區(qū)域中心城市的戶的規(guī)模都較大。前者是因為早婚導(dǎo)致早育,后者則是由于城市具有更高的生活水平和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生條件導(dǎo)致人均壽命增加,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致戶和家庭的規(guī)模增大。 現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系逐漸建立起來,三十年代省會開封已經(jīng)擁有了較好的醫(yī)療設(shè)施,縣級醫(yī)院也開始設(shè)立,農(nóng)村簡易醫(yī)療計劃開始實施。1916年河南省人口死因中八種傳染病為最大死因,1935年霍亂、天花、傷寒、白喉、斑疹、傷寒的發(fā)病率都在下降,1941年開封市民死因中,八種傳染病已經(jīng)不占首位,說明現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療體系在降低傳染病造成的死亡方面初見成效。 民國時期的職業(yè)分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一,但務(wù)農(nóng)是河南人口的主要職業(yè),一直都占80%以上,礦業(yè),主要是煤礦作為新興產(chǎn)業(yè),逐漸繁榮起來,從業(yè)人數(shù)日漸增加,同時棉紡織業(yè)也逐漸興旺起來,在民國時期有了較大的發(fā)展。與此同時人口素質(zhì)有了一定的提高,初級教育有了一定的發(fā)展,1930年代開封以西以北地區(qū)識字率較高,以東以南地區(qū)識字率較低�？偟恼f來,河南省的中小學(xué)入學(xué)率在全國處于中上水平。 民國時期,伊斯蘭教仍是河南第一大宗教,而基督教有較快的發(fā)展,教堂主要設(shè)在商丘和鄭縣地區(qū)。教會醫(yī)院是當(dāng)時醫(yī)療體系的重要組成部分,從1912年至1935年,教會醫(yī)院和教會學(xué)校都以較快速度增長,教會醫(yī)院集中分布在河南省北部和其他中心城市,教會學(xué)校在全省分布比較均勻,其存在對本省的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生和教育起到了積極的作用。 民國年間,由于頻繁的自然災(zāi)害和兵禍匪患,河南人口面對災(zāi)難流亡他鄉(xiāng)移民就食成為一種無奈的選擇。建立于民國初年的官方救災(zāi)體系以及民間慈善機(jī)構(gòu)積極開展工作,在局部災(zāi)荒面前,可以組織起有效的省內(nèi)移民就食,在全省性的災(zāi)荒和戰(zhàn)爭面前,大量的難民遷移省外,范圍遍及十余省�，F(xiàn)代交通和通訊體系的發(fā)展,對難民的遷移和救濟(jì)起到了積極的作用。
[Abstract]:This paper is a research paper on the regional population history. The main research object is the population problem of Henan Province in modern times. The time range is from 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China) to 1953.
On the basis of a thorough study of the demographic system of Henan Province in the period of the Republic of China, this paper focuses on the analysis of the demographic data of Henan Province in various years during the period of the Republic of China and makes a comparative study by using various methods. It is determined that the data quality of Henan Province in 1916 and 1935 is relatively good and can be used for research, while the quality of the 1953 census is relatively good. This paper chooses 1916,1935,1953 as the standard year for the study, and takes these three years as the benchmark to inspect the law of population change in Henan Province during the period of the Republic of China. A zoning study is carried out to reveal population changes in different regions.
The analysis of entrance density shows that the population density of mountainous areas in Henan Province was obviously lower than that of plain areas in 1916, forming a northwest-southeast trend of the demarcation line of population density. Most of the counties with high population density concentrated in a belt area east to north of the line. The population density in 1935 showed that the pattern was still persistent, but the Longhai Line was flat. The population density of the counties along the two major railways on the Han Railway increased markedly. By 1953, the spatial pattern of population density in the whole province had changed greatly. The population density of the central cities in the region had increased markedly. The Yellow River flooding area formed by the break of the dyke at the Huayuankou during the Anti-Japanese War had a considerable negative impact on the population density along the railway. Generally speaking, the most remarkable areas of population growth in 1916-1953 were the old and new town centers. Along the Pinghuan and Han Dynasties, new town centers along the Longhai Railway (i.e. densely populated areas) sprang up. Along the Pinghuan and Han Dynasties, the old town centers along the Longhai Railway also maintained their original status and were far away from the old town centers along the two main lines. Relative decline, in addition to some mining areas have begun to rise, the population has increased significantly. Modern Henan urban system pattern, in the Republic of China period has taken shape.
The study of population growth rate shows that the population of the whole province increased by 12.3% from 1916 to 1935, and the average annual growth rate was 6.1.From 1935 to 1953, the population of the whole province increased by 22.9% and the average annual growth rate was 11.5. In the middle of the Han Dynasty, the Longhai Railway and the Huaihe River, however, years of war, disasters and banditry, resulting in a negative impact on population growth during this period. 1935-1953, the population growth rate was generally higher, only in northern Henan, western Henan and central Henan, the growth rate was significantly lower, these areas were the most war-ravaged areas during the War of Resistance. The spatial pattern of population growth showed an unbalanced state.
Studies on marriage, fertility and family show that the pattern of marriage and childbearing in Henan Province during the Republic of China was a typical pattern of early marriage and early childbirth and universal marriage. However, there were considerable differences in the couple rate between different places at different times, mainly due to the different sex and age structure of the population. The birthrate registrations from 12 to 1935 were severely low, with widespread underreporting. The analysis of the average household size in the counties showed that the households in the northwest region and the regional central cities were large. The former was due to early marriage leading to early childbearing, while the latter was due to higher living standards and medical and health conditions in the cities leading to an increase in life expectancy. In addition, the scale of households and households will increase.
Modern medical and health systems have been gradually established. In the 1930s, Kaifeng, the provincial capital, had better medical facilities. County hospitals were also set up. The rural simple medical plan was implemented. Eight infectious diseases were the biggest causes of death in Henan Province in 1916. The incidence of cholera, smallpox, typhoid fever, diphtheria, macula and typhoid fever were all in 1935. In 1941, eight infectious diseases were no longer the leading cause of death in Kaifeng, indicating that the modern medical system had achieved initial results in reducing the mortality caused by infectious diseases.
During the period of the Republic of China, the occupational classification standards were different, but farming was the main occupation of the population in Henan Province, accounting for more than 80%. Mining industry, mainly coal mine, as a new industry, gradually flourished and the number of employees increased. At the same time, the cotton textile industry gradually flourished and had a greater development in the period of the Republic of China. In the 1930s, the literacy rate was higher in the area north of Kaifeng and lower in the area south of Kaifeng. Generally speaking, the enrollment rate of primary and secondary schools in Henan Province was in the middle and upper level in the country.
During the period of the Republic of China, Islam was still the largest religion in Henan Province, and Christianity developed rapidly. Churches were mainly located in Shangqiu and Zhengxian counties. Church hospitals were an important part of the medical system at that time. From 1912 to 1935, church hospitals and church schools grew rapidly. Church hospitals were concentrated in the northern part of Henan Province and in the northern part of Henan Province. In other central cities, church schools are fairly evenly distributed throughout the province, and their existence has played a positive role in health care and education in the province.
During the Republic of China, due to frequent natural disasters and military disasters, the people of Henan Province had no choice but to eat when facing disasters and emigrants from other places. In the face of famine and war, a large number of refugees migrated to other provinces, covering more than ten provinces. The development of modern transportation and communication systems has played a positive role in the migration and relief of refugees.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：C924.2
[Abstract]:This paper is a research paper on the regional population history. The main research object is the population problem of Henan Province in modern times. The time range is from 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China) to 1953.
On the basis of a thorough study of the demographic system of Henan Province in the period of the Republic of China, this paper focuses on the analysis of the demographic data of Henan Province in various years during the period of the Republic of China and makes a comparative study by using various methods. It is determined that the data quality of Henan Province in 1916 and 1935 is relatively good and can be used for research, while the quality of the 1953 census is relatively good. This paper chooses 1916,1935,1953 as the standard year for the study, and takes these three years as the benchmark to inspect the law of population change in Henan Province during the period of the Republic of China. A zoning study is carried out to reveal population changes in different regions.
The analysis of entrance density shows that the population density of mountainous areas in Henan Province was obviously lower than that of plain areas in 1916, forming a northwest-southeast trend of the demarcation line of population density. Most of the counties with high population density concentrated in a belt area east to north of the line. The population density in 1935 showed that the pattern was still persistent, but the Longhai Line was flat. The population density of the counties along the two major railways on the Han Railway increased markedly. By 1953, the spatial pattern of population density in the whole province had changed greatly. The population density of the central cities in the region had increased markedly. The Yellow River flooding area formed by the break of the dyke at the Huayuankou during the Anti-Japanese War had a considerable negative impact on the population density along the railway. Generally speaking, the most remarkable areas of population growth in 1916-1953 were the old and new town centers. Along the Pinghuan and Han Dynasties, new town centers along the Longhai Railway (i.e. densely populated areas) sprang up. Along the Pinghuan and Han Dynasties, the old town centers along the Longhai Railway also maintained their original status and were far away from the old town centers along the two main lines. Relative decline, in addition to some mining areas have begun to rise, the population has increased significantly. Modern Henan urban system pattern, in the Republic of China period has taken shape.
The study of population growth rate shows that the population of the whole province increased by 12.3% from 1916 to 1935, and the average annual growth rate was 6.1.From 1935 to 1953, the population of the whole province increased by 22.9% and the average annual growth rate was 11.5. In the middle of the Han Dynasty, the Longhai Railway and the Huaihe River, however, years of war, disasters and banditry, resulting in a negative impact on population growth during this period. 1935-1953, the population growth rate was generally higher, only in northern Henan, western Henan and central Henan, the growth rate was significantly lower, these areas were the most war-ravaged areas during the War of Resistance. The spatial pattern of population growth showed an unbalanced state.
Studies on marriage, fertility and family show that the pattern of marriage and childbearing in Henan Province during the Republic of China was a typical pattern of early marriage and early childbirth and universal marriage. However, there were considerable differences in the couple rate between different places at different times, mainly due to the different sex and age structure of the population. The birthrate registrations from 12 to 1935 were severely low, with widespread underreporting. The analysis of the average household size in the counties showed that the households in the northwest region and the regional central cities were large. The former was due to early marriage leading to early childbearing, while the latter was due to higher living standards and medical and health conditions in the cities leading to an increase in life expectancy. In addition, the scale of households and households will increase.
Modern medical and health systems have been gradually established. In the 1930s, Kaifeng, the provincial capital, had better medical facilities. County hospitals were also set up. The rural simple medical plan was implemented. Eight infectious diseases were the biggest causes of death in Henan Province in 1916. The incidence of cholera, smallpox, typhoid fever, diphtheria, macula and typhoid fever were all in 1935. In 1941, eight infectious diseases were no longer the leading cause of death in Kaifeng, indicating that the modern medical system had achieved initial results in reducing the mortality caused by infectious diseases.
During the period of the Republic of China, the occupational classification standards were different, but farming was the main occupation of the population in Henan Province, accounting for more than 80%. Mining industry, mainly coal mine, as a new industry, gradually flourished and the number of employees increased. At the same time, the cotton textile industry gradually flourished and had a greater development in the period of the Republic of China. In the 1930s, the literacy rate was higher in the area north of Kaifeng and lower in the area south of Kaifeng. Generally speaking, the enrollment rate of primary and secondary schools in Henan Province was in the middle and upper level in the country.
During the period of the Republic of China, Islam was still the largest religion in Henan Province, and Christianity developed rapidly. Churches were mainly located in Shangqiu and Zhengxian counties. Church hospitals were an important part of the medical system at that time. From 1912 to 1935, church hospitals and church schools grew rapidly. Church hospitals were concentrated in the northern part of Henan Province and in the northern part of Henan Province. In other central cities, church schools are fairly evenly distributed throughout the province, and their existence has played a positive role in health care and education in the province.
During the Republic of China, due to frequent natural disasters and military disasters, the people of Henan Province had no choice but to eat when facing disasters and emigrants from other places. In the face of famine and war, a large number of refugees migrated to other provinces, covering more than ten provinces. The development of modern transportation and communication systems has played a positive role in the migration and relief of refugees.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：C924.2
【相似文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 姜濤;;人口轉(zhuǎn)變的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長效應(yīng)研究新進(jìn)展:一個綜述[J];西北人口;2008年06期
2 周英;甘露霞;;人口增長與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)度的定量分析[J];西北人口;1992年01期
3 張根明;;中國人口增長的動因分析[J];科學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會;1993年01期
4 顧震球;;世界人口增長三個走向[J];w，
本文編號：2187793
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/renkou/2187793.html
最近更新
教材專著
