【摘要】：人口的安全與可持續(xù)發(fā)展是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的前提,不同時(shí)期我國(guó)人口問(wèn)題有著不同的表現(xiàn)形式并呈現(xiàn)出不同的特征。20世紀(jì)50年代,馬寅初先生即洞察到我國(guó)人口數(shù)量的急劇膨脹會(huì)給社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展帶來(lái)巨大的壓力。到20世紀(jì)70年代,我國(guó)開始實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育政策。不可否認(rèn)的是,計(jì)劃生育政策在控制人口數(shù)量方面做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn),但與此同時(shí),在新的時(shí)代背景下面對(duì)人口問(wèn)題的新情況,我們不得不重新審視計(jì)劃生育政策。由于現(xiàn)行計(jì)劃生育政策過(guò)度的關(guān)注人口數(shù)量問(wèn)題而忽視對(duì)人口結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題的未雨綢繆,因此,我國(guó)既要穩(wěn)定來(lái)之不易的低生育率水平,又要治理日益凸顯的人口結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題。在當(dāng)前及今后,從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的眼光出發(fā),在遵循人口自身發(fā)展規(guī)律的同時(shí),踐行“以人為本”的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀,更加注重個(gè)人的生育權(quán)利,通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)個(gè)體家庭利益來(lái)達(dá)到社會(huì)整體利益與家庭利益的均衡,具有重要的實(shí)踐意義。 本文在對(duì)現(xiàn)行計(jì)劃生育政策和《人口與計(jì)劃生育法》反思的同時(shí),旨在從宏觀調(diào)控法的視角,踐行科學(xué)發(fā)展觀,遵循“以人為本”價(jià)值觀,變計(jì)劃生育為優(yōu)化生育。在“以人為本”的優(yōu)化生育政策指導(dǎo)下,構(gòu)建人口宏觀調(diào)控法機(jī)制。本文的內(nèi)容分四部分,具體內(nèi)容如下： 第一部分,闡述宏觀調(diào)控與人口問(wèn)題的關(guān)系。人口問(wèn)題無(wú)疑是一個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題,揭開其社會(huì)問(wèn)題的面紗,從深層的角度來(lái)講,它亦是政策問(wèn)題,甚至是一個(gè)政治問(wèn)題。宏觀調(diào)控法旨在從宏觀戰(zhàn)略的高度,以科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo),遵循“以人為本”思想,完善與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的生育、人口資源開發(fā)、人口遷移流動(dòng)、社會(huì)性別平等、人口老齡化、家庭福利宏觀政策體系,找到人口規(guī)模與人口結(jié)構(gòu)的均衡發(fā)展點(diǎn),在現(xiàn)在人口與未來(lái)人口間尋求發(fā)展的可持續(xù)性,以達(dá)到緩解進(jìn)而基本解決人口問(wèn)題的效果。 第二部分,對(duì)我國(guó)目前存在的人口問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析。我國(guó)目前是人口規(guī)模與人口結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題并存。本部分將從人口規(guī)模與人口結(jié)構(gòu)兩方面具體分析我國(guó)人口問(wèn)題的表現(xiàn)形式。與20世紀(jì)50年代馬寅初先生洞見的人口數(shù)量問(wèn)題不同,21世紀(jì)我國(guó)要面對(duì)的人口規(guī)模問(wèn)題是業(yè)已龐大的人口基數(shù)以及在此基礎(chǔ)上的低速慣性人口增長(zhǎng)。由于我國(guó)常年對(duì)人口數(shù)量問(wèn)題過(guò)度關(guān)注,缺少對(duì)人口結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題的重視,我國(guó)人口結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題愈演愈烈。這部分將著重從性別、年齡、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)三方面呈現(xiàn)人口結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題的表現(xiàn)與特征,以及由這些人口結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題引發(fā)的各種社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題,并分析產(chǎn)生人口結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題的原因。 第三部分,對(duì)現(xiàn)行計(jì)劃生育政策與《人口與計(jì)劃生育法》的反思。通過(guò)分析得出,現(xiàn)行計(jì)劃生育政策的實(shí)行與我國(guó)現(xiàn)在的人口結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題具有相關(guān)性。不可否認(rèn)的是,在“以數(shù)為本”計(jì)劃生育政策的指導(dǎo)下頒布并實(shí)行的《人口與計(jì)劃生育法》也深深打上了這一特征的烙印,存在一些問(wèn)題。 第四部分,探討了遵循“以人為本”思想,構(gòu)建人口宏觀調(diào)控法機(jī)制。在第三部分對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行計(jì)劃生育政策和《人口與計(jì)劃生育法》進(jìn)行反思后,這一部分將從兩大方面提出完善建議。首先,變“以數(shù)為本”的計(jì)劃生育政策為“以人為本”的優(yōu)化生育政策,包括優(yōu)化生育政策實(shí)施的必要性與可能性、優(yōu)化生育政策的統(tǒng)籌目標(biāo)以及優(yōu)化生育政策的核心內(nèi)容與優(yōu)勢(shì)。其次,在優(yōu)化生育政策的指導(dǎo)下,構(gòu)建人口宏觀調(diào)控法機(jī)制,完善《人口與計(jì)劃生育法》以及與優(yōu)化生育政策實(shí)施所相關(guān)的社會(huì)保障制度與財(cái)政制度。
[Abstract]:Population security and sustainable development are the preconditions of sustainable development of economy and society. Population problems in different periods have different forms and characteristics. In the 1950s, Mr. Ma Yinchu realized that the rapid expansion of population in China would bring great pressure to the development of social economy. By the 1970s, Mr. It is undeniable that the family planning policy has made tremendous contributions to the control of population, but at the same time, facing the new situation of population problems in the new era, we have to re-examine the family planning policy. Therefore, China should not only stabilize the hard-won low fertility level, but also control the increasingly prominent population structure problem. At present and in the future, starting from a long-term perspective, we should follow the law of population development and at the same time practice the scientific development concept of people-oriented. It is of great practical significance to pay more attention to individual reproductive rights and achieve the balance between social and family interests by adjusting individual family interests.
While reflecting on the current family planning policy and the Population and Family Planning Law, this paper aims at practicing the scientific outlook on development from the perspective of macro-control law, following the "people-oriented" values, transforming family planning into optimizing fertility. The content is divided into four parts, the details are as follows:
The first part elaborates the relationship between macro-control and population problem.Population problem is undoubtedly a social problem.To unveil its social problem,it is also a policy problem,even a political problem from a deep point of view.The purpose of macro-control law is to follow the "people-oriented" principle from the perspective of macro-strategy and scientific outlook on development. "Idea, improve the corresponding fertility, population resources development, population migration and mobility, gender equality, population ageing, family welfare macro-policy system, find a balanced population size and population structure development point, between the present and future population to seek sustainable development, in order to alleviate and then basically solve the population The effect of the problem.
The second part is to analyze the current population problems in our country.China is now a country where population size and population structure coexist.This part will analyze the manifestations of population problems from the aspects of population size and population structure. The problem of population size is already a huge population base and the low-speed inertial population growth based on it. Due to our country's perennial excessive attention to the problem of population size and lack of attention to the problem of population structure, the problem of population structure is becoming more and more serious. This part will focus on the three aspects of gender, age and family structure. The manifestations and characteristics of population structure problems, as well as various social and economic problems caused by these population structure problems, and the causes of population structure problems are analyzed.
The third part is a reflection on the current family planning policy and the Population and Family Planning Law. Through analysis, it is concluded that the implementation of the current family planning policy is related to the current population structure in China. Also deeply marked the mark of this feature, and there are some problems.
In the third part, after introspecting China's current family planning policy and the Population and Family Planning Law, this part will put forward suggestions from two aspects. First, change the "number-based" family planning policy to "people-oriented". Optimizing fertility policy includes the necessity and possibility of optimizing the implementation of fertility policy, the overall objective of optimizing fertility policy, and the core content and advantages of optimizing fertility policy. Secondly, under the guidance of optimizing fertility policy, we should construct the mechanism of population macro-control law, perfect the Population and Family Planning Law, and optimize the implementation of fertility policy. The relevant social security system and financial system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：C924.24;D922.1

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