吉林省延邊朝鮮族地區(qū)出生人口性別比現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查及影響因素分析
發(fā)布時間:2018-07-17 06:36
【摘要】: 出生性別比(sex ratio at birth, SRB)指的是每100名女嬰出生所對應(yīng)的男嬰數(shù),它是一個人口周期開始時的結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)識,經(jīng)觀察研究發(fā)現(xiàn)這一指標(biāo)基本穩(wěn)定在103-107之間符合大數(shù)定律,在無人為干擾因素的情況下,出生性別比雖有波動但終究會趨于平衡。偏高或者偏低的出生性別比將造成這一人口周期出生之后的性別失衡,同時帶來一些社會問題,比如男性偏高帶來的例如婚姻擠壓、性犯罪率升高等,女性偏高(如俄羅斯二次大戰(zhàn)后的性別比)帶來的社會生產(chǎn)力低下等,因此,解決本國出生性別比的異常是任何一個國家解決人口問題首先要面對的挑戰(zhàn)。黨中央、國務(wù)院提出“到2020年,基本解決出生性別比偏高的問題”(摘自《中共中央國務(wù)院關(guān)于加強人口與計劃生育工作穩(wěn)定低生育水平的決定》),因此,研究出生性別比的異常并提出解決問題的政策建議是具有現(xiàn)實意義的。我國的出生性別比由1949年新中國成立開始的異常偏高逐漸下降,并于1983年開始出現(xiàn)異常升高,至今并未出現(xiàn)多大改善。有研究預(yù)測在2020年,我國將出現(xiàn)3000萬女性的缺失,因此,研究我國出生性別比的現(xiàn)狀以及影響因素對于解決目前我國這一指標(biāo)的異常是十分重要的。 根據(jù)相關(guān)研究文獻,目前國內(nèi)外關(guān)于出生性別比現(xiàn)狀和影響因素研究的切入點主要是通過統(tǒng)計年鑒數(shù)據(jù)、性別偏好的產(chǎn)生和影響、生育政策和社會經(jīng)濟因素的影響等。相關(guān)研究表明,產(chǎn)生性別偏好的原因是多方面的而且構(gòu)成復(fù)雜。真正對于調(diào)整出生性別比異常的著眼點在于如何正確認識人們固有的性別偏好。本研究針對諸多影響因素中,處于主導(dǎo)地位的性別偏好進行多因素分析,以期找出影響當(dāng)?shù)爻錾詣e比的性別偏好的直、間接相關(guān)因素。 目前國內(nèi)外對于我國出生性別比的研究主要集中在宏觀層面即漢族聚居地區(qū),而對于我國少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的研究相對較少,目前還僅限于針對統(tǒng)計年鑒中數(shù)據(jù)的描述性分析。由于少數(shù)民族聚居區(qū)內(nèi)的各個民族在文化、生活方式等存在著差異,這種些差異導(dǎo)致我國少數(shù)民族聚居區(qū)的出生性別比的情況異常復(fù)雜。因此,本研究在借鑒已有研究結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)上,立足于定點研究這一少數(shù)民族聚居區(qū)的出生性別比現(xiàn)狀和影響因素,以期為研究如何更好地綜合治理我國少數(shù)民族地區(qū)出生性別比提供一些理論和實踐的積累。 本研究以吉林省延邊朝鮮族自治州為例,在抽樣的基礎(chǔ)上進行數(shù)據(jù)整理和統(tǒng)計推斷,在根據(jù)調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)描述當(dāng)?shù)噩F(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,分析影響當(dāng)?shù)爻錾詣e比的影響因素。吉林省朝鮮族人口為117萬,占我國朝鮮族居民總數(shù)的60%以上(“五普”全國朝鮮族人口總數(shù)為192萬),其中延邊朝鮮族自治州的人數(shù)為92萬(“五普”),占吉林省朝鮮族總?cè)丝诘?8.6%,因此,選取當(dāng)?shù)剡@一有代表性的少數(shù)民族聚居區(qū)進行深入研究。 本次研究采用現(xiàn)場流行病學(xué)的方法結(jié)合定性、定量的手段對延邊朝鮮自治州的出生性別比現(xiàn)狀進行抽樣調(diào)查,并且通過多元分析找出當(dāng)?shù)匦詣e偏好的影響因素。實地調(diào)研采取分層抽樣的方法,在吉林省延邊朝鮮族自治州下轄的8個市縣中,按照當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟發(fā)展水平分層抽取5個市縣,并在當(dāng)?shù)赜嬌块T的協(xié)調(diào)、配合下從這5個地區(qū)進行入戶調(diào)查,最終有效樣本為1908份。 結(jié)果表明,延邊朝鮮族自治州出生性別比自2005年到2008年的出生性別比變動大約在102-114之間波動。通過對數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計推斷,在諸多影響性別偏好的影響因素中,嬰兒母親所屬民族、母親受教育水平、父親所屬民族、父親受教育水平、父親職業(yè)、居住地區(qū)的城鄉(xiāng)差異、懷孕次數(shù)、分娩次數(shù)與出生嬰兒性別比是主要的影響因素,這些因素在進一步影響著當(dāng)?shù)氐某錾詣e比。
[Abstract]:The birth sex ratio at birth ( SRB ) refers to the number of male and infant corresponding to the birth of every 100 female babies . It is a structural identification at the beginning of a population cycle . It is found that this indicator is basically stable between 103 and 107 .
According to the relevant research literature , the study on the present situation and influencing factors of sex ratio at home and abroad is mainly based on the statistics of statistics , the production and influence of sex preference , the policy of fertility and socio - economic factors , etc . The study shows that the reasons for gender preference are multi - faceted and complex .
At present , the study of sex ratio at home and abroad is mainly focused on the macro - level , namely , the Han population area , which is limited to the descriptive analysis of the data in the minority areas of our country . As a result , the present study is based on the existing research conclusion , and based on the present research conclusion , this study is based on the research of the present situation and the influencing factors of the birth sex ratio of the minority settlement area in our country , with a view to providing some theories and practice accumulation for the study of how to better integrate the birth sex ratio of the minority areas in our country .
Based on the data description of the present situation , the paper analyses the factors that affect the local birth sex ratio . The population of Korean nationality in Jilin Province is 117.6 % , which accounts for 78.6 % of the total population of the Korean ethnic group in Jilin Province . Therefore , it is necessary to select the representative minority settlement area of Jilin Province for further study .
In this study , the present situation of birth sex ratio in Yanbian Democratic People ' s Republic of Korea was investigated by means of qualitative and quantitative methods , and the influence factors of local gender preference were found by means of multivariate analysis .
The results show that the sex ratio of the birth sex ratio between 2005 and 2008 is about 102 - 114 . By the statistical inference of the data , in many factors that affect the sex preference , the mother - to - nationality of the infant , the mother ' s education level , the country difference between the father and the nationality , the father ' s occupation , the urban and rural difference of the living area , the number of pregnancy , the number of times of delivery and the sex ratio of the birth infant are the main influencing factors , which further influence the local birth sex ratio .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2010
【分類號】:C924.2
本文編號:2129424
[Abstract]:The birth sex ratio at birth ( SRB ) refers to the number of male and infant corresponding to the birth of every 100 female babies . It is a structural identification at the beginning of a population cycle . It is found that this indicator is basically stable between 103 and 107 .
According to the relevant research literature , the study on the present situation and influencing factors of sex ratio at home and abroad is mainly based on the statistics of statistics , the production and influence of sex preference , the policy of fertility and socio - economic factors , etc . The study shows that the reasons for gender preference are multi - faceted and complex .
At present , the study of sex ratio at home and abroad is mainly focused on the macro - level , namely , the Han population area , which is limited to the descriptive analysis of the data in the minority areas of our country . As a result , the present study is based on the existing research conclusion , and based on the present research conclusion , this study is based on the research of the present situation and the influencing factors of the birth sex ratio of the minority settlement area in our country , with a view to providing some theories and practice accumulation for the study of how to better integrate the birth sex ratio of the minority areas in our country .
Based on the data description of the present situation , the paper analyses the factors that affect the local birth sex ratio . The population of Korean nationality in Jilin Province is 117.6 % , which accounts for 78.6 % of the total population of the Korean ethnic group in Jilin Province . Therefore , it is necessary to select the representative minority settlement area of Jilin Province for further study .
In this study , the present situation of birth sex ratio in Yanbian Democratic People ' s Republic of Korea was investigated by means of qualitative and quantitative methods , and the influence factors of local gender preference were found by means of multivariate analysis .
The results show that the sex ratio of the birth sex ratio between 2005 and 2008 is about 102 - 114 . By the statistical inference of the data , in many factors that affect the sex preference , the mother - to - nationality of the infant , the mother ' s education level , the country difference between the father and the nationality , the father ' s occupation , the urban and rural difference of the living area , the number of pregnancy , the number of times of delivery and the sex ratio of the birth infant are the main influencing factors , which further influence the local birth sex ratio .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2010
【分類號】:C924.2
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