本文選題：城市化 + 人口均衡城市化�。� 參考：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：城市化是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的必然趨勢,也是衡量國家和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展水平的標(biāo)志之一。中國自改革開放以來,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,城市化進(jìn)程也在明顯加速,城市化水平顯著提高。這種城市化進(jìn)程的迅猛發(fā)展不僅對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長和發(fā)展起著重要作用,同時(shí)也影響著世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,受到全世界的關(guān)注。但是中國城市化發(fā)展水平滯后于工業(yè)化發(fā)展水平的局面,已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重制約了我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,阻礙了國家綜合競爭力的提高,成為知識經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代新一輪財(cái)富集聚的瓶頸。 進(jìn)入21世紀(jì),中國的城市化發(fā)展面臨著更加復(fù)雜的環(huán)境,經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化縮短了國家與地區(qū)間的差距,沖擊著各個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與城市化格局；知識經(jīng)濟(jì)和信息經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代,國家之間的競爭已經(jīng)變?yōu)橹R、人才、科技和產(chǎn)業(yè)的競爭,變成集聚著產(chǎn)業(yè)、金融、貿(mào)易、信息、科技、人才等的城市、城市群間的競爭；隨著全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的展開,市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的進(jìn)一步深入以及全球氣候變化所帶來的生產(chǎn)生活上的變化,要求中國的城市化要實(shí)現(xiàn)人口、資源、環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 首先,城市發(fā)展面臨著一系列的壓力和挑戰(zhàn),這些壓力可以概括為人口與就業(yè)的壓力、土地資源供應(yīng)的壓力、水資源和能源的壓力、生態(tài)環(huán)境改善的壓力、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施配套壓力、社會(huì)保障體系壓力和公共服務(wù)完善的壓力等。其次,城市的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略出現(xiàn)了調(diào)整,今后城市化的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略更加強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)展的質(zhì)量和效益。城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程由點(diǎn)狀聚集走向高水平的相對均衡,實(shí)現(xiàn)城市反哺農(nóng)村,城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化,逐步縮小城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)。另外,城市的能源消耗也面臨著巨大的考驗(yàn),今后城市應(yīng)堅(jiān)持將節(jié)能減排作為低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)約束性指標(biāo),在增長方式上按照減量化、再利用資源化原則,追求以創(chuàng)新為主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力的低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式,走城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路。 城市化是一個(gè)歷史過程,隨著社會(huì)發(fā)展階段的不同,城市化的特征和表現(xiàn)形式也相應(yīng)的隨之發(fā)生變化。中國的城市化與發(fā)達(dá)國家數(shù)十年、甚至一百多年前城市化的歷史條件相比,發(fā)生了根本性的變化。包括農(nóng)村人口非農(nóng)化轉(zhuǎn)變總量大；經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化加大城市化的不確定性；體制轉(zhuǎn)軌推動(dòng)城市化進(jìn)程；資源枯竭、生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化、全球氣候變化等對城市化帶來長期影響。中共中央在“十二五”規(guī)劃綱要中指出：要“積極穩(wěn)妥地推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化,優(yōu)化城市化布局和形態(tài),加強(qiáng)城鎮(zhèn)化管理,不斷提升城鎮(zhèn)化的質(zhì)量和水平”。要求我國的城市必須走一條具有中國特色的、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的道路,以全面健康的城市化促進(jìn)我國整體的全面發(fā)展。 正因如此,本文從人口學(xué)的角度出發(fā),基于對可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論和城市化等相關(guān)理論的認(rèn)識,針對以往非均衡的城市化發(fā)展道路,給城市的發(fā)展以及生態(tài)、環(huán)境等均帶來的負(fù)面影響,并結(jié)合國內(nèi)外城市化實(shí)踐的經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出“人口均衡城市化”的發(fā)展道路。 論文首先從人口均衡理論出發(fā)定義對“人口均衡城市化”進(jìn)行概念界定,并對人口均衡城市化道路的內(nèi)涵和思路進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述。包括城市內(nèi)部的均衡、城市之間的均衡及城市與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)、資源、環(huán)境之間的均衡。 其次,深入分析人口均衡城市化的動(dòng)力機(jī)制,并試圖建立相應(yīng)的評價(jià)指標(biāo)。信息化、工業(yè)化、城鄉(xiāng)一體化成為推動(dòng)人口均衡城市化發(fā)展的主要?jiǎng)恿?通過理論分析,建立一系列有關(guān)人口均衡城市化發(fā)展的評價(jià)指標(biāo),并建立數(shù)量模型。 第三,分析當(dāng)前中國人口均衡城市化發(fā)展進(jìn)程中面臨的失衡問題。包括,人口數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、結(jié)構(gòu)特別是老齡化對人口均衡城市化建設(shè)的影響；農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的壓力；資源、環(huán)境與城市化發(fā)展的相互制約；城市貧困人口問題對城市發(fā)展造成的阻礙；城市布局和功能定位不當(dāng)對城市發(fā)展造成的影響；中國的城市規(guī)模與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)分析等。 最后,提出人口均衡城市化的道路選擇和相應(yīng)的公共政策。突破行政區(qū)域界限,實(shí)現(xiàn)多城市聯(lián)動(dòng),平衡城市結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)施統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)的發(fā)展,實(shí)現(xiàn)城市基本公共服務(wù)均等化,真正做到城市的均衡發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is an inevitable trend of economic and social development . It is also one of the indicators to measure the level of economic and social development in the country and region . With the rapid development of the economy , the urbanization progress has been obviously accelerated . The rapid development of urbanization not only plays an important role in the growth and development of China ' s economy , but also affects the economic development of the world .

Entering the 21st century , China ' s urbanization is facing a more complicated environment , and the economic globalization has shortened the gap between the country and the region , and impacted the economic development and urbanization pattern of each country ;
In the era of knowledge economy and information economy , competition between countries has become the competition among knowledge , talents , science and technology and industry .
With the development of a well - off society in a comprehensive way , the further development of the market economy system and the changes in the production and life of global climate change , the urbanization of China is required to realize coordinated development and sustainable development of population , resources and environment .

First , urban development is faced with a series of pressures and challenges , which can be summarized as the pressure of population and employment , the pressure of land resource supply , the pressure of water resources and energy , the pressure of ecological environment improvement , the supporting pressure of infrastructure , the pressure of social security system and the perfect pressure of public service .

Urbanization is a historical process . Along with the different stages of social development , the characteristics and forms of urbanization change accordingly . The urbanization of China has changed fundamentally compared with those of developed countries for decades or even more than 100 years ago .
Economic globalization increases the uncertainty of urbanization ;
Institutional transition promotes the urbanization process ;
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) , in the 12th Five - Year Plan , pointed out : " To promote the urbanization , optimize the layout and form of urbanization , strengthen the management of urbanization and improve the quality and level of urbanization , " the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China stated in the 12th Five - Year Plan .

Based on the theory of sustainable development , urbanization and other relevant theories , this paper puts forward the development path of " population balanced urbanization " based on the understanding of the theories of sustainable development and urbanization , aiming at the negative impacts of the past unbalanced urbanization development road , the development of the city and the ecology and environment , and combining with the experience of urbanization practice at home and abroad .

Firstly , the definition of " population equilibrium urbanization " is defined from the theory of population equilibrium , and the connotation and thinking of the urbanization path of population equilibrium are expounded in detail .

Secondly , we deeply analyze the dynamic mechanism of population equilibrium urbanization and try to establish the corresponding evaluation indexes . The integration of information , industrialization and urban and rural integration becomes the main impetus for the urbanization development of population balanced urbanization . Through theoretical analysis , a series of evaluation indexes about population balanced urbanization development are established , and quantitative models are established .

Thirdly , analyze the imbalance in the process of urbanization development of China ' s population , including population quantity , quality , structure , especially the influence of aging on population balanced urbanization construction ;
Pressure on the transfer of surplus rural labor force ;
Mutual restriction of resources , environment and urbanization development ;
The city ' s poverty - stricken population is the obstacle to the development of the city ;
The influence of improper urban layout and function orientation on urban development ;
China ' s urban scale and industrial structure analysis , etc .

Finally , put forward the road selection and corresponding public policy of population balanced urbanization , break through the boundary of administrative region , realize multi - city linkage , balance the city structure , implement the development of urban and rural development , realize the equalization of basic public services of the city , and truly realize the balanced development of the city .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F299.2;C92-05

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