本文選題：生育 + 生育觀念　； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：生育是人口在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié),它對(duì)人口的規(guī)模、結(jié)構(gòu)等都具有重要的意義。人類的生育活動(dòng)不同于動(dòng)物,他們?cè)谏顒?dòng)中做出的各種選擇并不完全是自然發(fā)生的行為,這些選擇既會(huì)受到客觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的制約,也會(huì)受到人口自身發(fā)展周期的影響,具有獨(dú)特的社會(huì)性。生育觀念作為人們對(duì)整個(gè)生育過(guò)程中各個(gè)方面的看法,它的轉(zhuǎn)變受到經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)等客觀條件的影響,同時(shí)它又獨(dú)立地影響著人們?cè)谏袨橹械倪x擇。人口政策是調(diào)節(jié)人口變動(dòng)的一種公共政策,它的制定實(shí)施能夠宏觀地引導(dǎo)個(gè)體生育活動(dòng)中的選擇,直接或間接地影響和干預(yù)一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的人口發(fā)展方向。我國(guó)是世界人口大國(guó),建國(guó)以來(lái),我國(guó)政府就十分重視人口政策尤其是生育政策的頒布實(shí)施,20世紀(jì)60年代開(kāi)始提倡節(jié)育,80年代正式開(kāi)始實(shí)施嚴(yán)格的“一孩化”計(jì)劃生育政策,過(guò)去幾十年人口政策的推行有效地控制了我國(guó)的人口規(guī)模和人口發(fā)展速度,是人們生育觀念轉(zhuǎn)變的重要影響因素之一改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)始了突飛猛進(jìn)的增長(zhǎng),物質(zhì)、社會(huì)等條件發(fā)生了巨大的轉(zhuǎn)變,人口大環(huán)境也隨之開(kāi)始改變。長(zhǎng)期計(jì)劃生育政策的實(shí)施雖然減少了我國(guó)人口的絕對(duì)數(shù)量,但出生性別比失衡、老齡化加速等人口結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題日益凸顯,我國(guó)政府也適時(shí)調(diào)整了計(jì)劃生育政策,開(kāi)始全面放開(kāi)二孩。面對(duì)這些巨變,我國(guó)人口生育觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變也更加迅速,尤其表現(xiàn)在隨著改革開(kāi)放一起成長(zhǎng)的80、90后群體生育觀念的變化上。到2015年,80、90后群體處于25-35歲的生育高峰年齡,成為我國(guó)當(dāng)前主要的育齡群體,他們生育觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程、轉(zhuǎn)變結(jié)果及其轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)虻榷寂c我國(guó)未來(lái)人口的發(fā)展有著密切的聯(lián)系。他們?cè)诟母镩_(kāi)放后出生、長(zhǎng)大,更深刻地體會(huì)到我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展歷程,信息化的發(fā)展、文化傳播的加劇也進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了他們對(duì)于生育活動(dòng)觀念的變化與多元。從H市80、90后群體的隨機(jī)抽樣調(diào)查中可見(jiàn),當(dāng)前H市80、90后群體生育觀念已經(jīng)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變,“早、多、男”等傳統(tǒng)生育觀念逐漸被晚婚晚育、優(yōu)生優(yōu)育、男孩女孩都一樣等現(xiàn)代生育觀念所取代。在性別、年齡、受教育程度、工作收入情況和家庭組成情況等橫向因素上,H市80、90后生育觀念轉(zhuǎn)變結(jié)果的現(xiàn)狀存在一定程度上的差異,可見(jiàn),現(xiàn)在人們生育觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變更多地受到家庭、社會(huì)環(huán)境等方面的影響,計(jì)劃生育等相關(guān)政策的發(fā)展變革雖然仍對(duì)他們的生育觀念有導(dǎo)向作用,但其影響程度明顯減弱。本文結(jié)構(gòu)包括四個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：第一部分主要介紹了生育觀念轉(zhuǎn)變的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化、政策等方面的背景環(huán)境,總結(jié)分析了目前國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)于生育觀念現(xiàn)狀、轉(zhuǎn)變及其影響因素的研究成果,闡述了生育觀念轉(zhuǎn)變的人口學(xué)理論基礎(chǔ),提出了本文的研究方法和理論邏輯。第二部分主要從生育數(shù)量、生育時(shí)間和間隔、性別偏好以及生育目的四個(gè)方面縱向闡述了H市80、90后群體生育觀念轉(zhuǎn)變的具體表現(xiàn),得出了他們的生育觀念已經(jīng)基本完成了從傳統(tǒng)型向現(xiàn)代型的轉(zhuǎn)變。第三部分主要從人口特征差異、就業(yè)狀況差異和婚姻家庭狀況差異三個(gè)方面橫向分析了本次H市80、90后群體生育觀念的調(diào)查結(jié)果,詳細(xì)論述了他們生育觀念轉(zhuǎn)變中的程度差異及可能的影響因素。第四部分結(jié)合前兩部分的調(diào)查結(jié)果,進(jìn)一步總結(jié)了經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、社會(huì)因素、政策因素和文化因素對(duì)生育觀念轉(zhuǎn)變產(chǎn)生的主要影響,分析了影響因素促進(jìn)生育觀念轉(zhuǎn)變的具體路徑,得出了生育觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變是一個(gè)有機(jī)復(fù)雜的過(guò)程,不管是國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)政策轉(zhuǎn)變等宏觀因素,還是個(gè)體自身的家庭、工作等微觀因素,都在人們生育觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著不可忽視的作用。
[Abstract]:Birth is an important part of the population in the process of production. It is of great significance to the scale and structure of the population. The human reproductive activities are different from the animals. The choices they make in their reproductive activities are not completely natural. These choices will be restricted by the objective economic and social development, and will also be restricted by the economic and social development. Influenced by the development cycle of the population itself, it has a unique social nature. The concept of fertility, as a person's views on all aspects of the whole birth process, is influenced by the objective conditions of economy and society, and it influences the choice of people in the behavior of childbirth independently. Public policy, its formulation and implementation can directly guide the selection of individual fertility activities, directly or indirectly affect and intervene in the direction of population development in a country or region. China is a world population big country. Since the founding of the people's Republic, our government has attached great importance to the promulgation and implementation of population policy, especially the birth policy, and began in 1960s. To promote birth control, the strict "one child" family planning policy was formally implemented in 80s. In the past few decades, the implementation of population policy has effectively controlled the population size and the speed of population development in our country. It is one of the important factors affecting the transformation of people's conception of fertility to reform and open, and the economy of our country has begun to increase rapidly. There has been a great change in quality and social conditions, and the large population environment has begun to change. The implementation of the long-term family planning policy has reduced the absolute number of the population in our country, but the imbalance of the sex ratio at birth and the acceleration of the aging of the aging have become increasingly prominent. The government has also adjusted the family planning policy in a timely manner and began to open up a full scale. Two children. In the face of these great changes, the concept of population reproduction in China has changed more rapidly, especially in the change of the concept of fertility of 80, 90 after the development of reform and opening up. By 2015, the group of 80, 90s was at the age of peak of 25-35 years of birth, and became the main group of child-bearing age in our country, and the process of changing their conception of fertility, The result of the transformation and the reasons for its transformation are closely related to the development of our country's future population. They were born and grew up after the reform and opening up. They have been more deeply aware of the development process of our country's economic society, the development of information and the intensification of cultural communication, which have further promoted the changes and pluralism of their concept of fertility activities. From the city of H 8 In the random sampling survey of the group 0, after 90, it is found that the concept of fertility of group H after 80, 90 has changed. The traditional concept of "early, many, male" has been gradually replaced by late marriage and late childbearing, eugenics and childbirth, boys and girls are all replaced by modern conception of birth. On the horizontal factor, there is a certain difference in the result of the transformation of the concept of birth concept after 80, 90 in H city. It can be seen that the change of people's conception of fertility is more influenced by family and social environment, and the development and change of family planning policies still have a guiding role on their birth concept, but it affects Cheng Duming. The structure of this article includes four aspects: the first part mainly introduces the background of the economic, social, cultural, policy and other aspects of the transformation of the concept of fertility, summarizes and analyzes the research results of the current domestic and foreign scholars on the status quo of the concept of fertility, the transformation and its influencing factors, and expounds the demography theory of the transformation of the concept of fertility. The research method and theoretical logic of this article are put forward. The second part is mainly from the four aspects of the fertility number, birth time and interval, sex preference and the purpose of fertility. The concrete expression of the transformation of the concept of fertility in the group H after 80, 90 is described, and the conception of their fertility has been basically completed from the traditional to the modern. The third part mainly from three aspects of the difference of population characteristics, employment status and marriage and family status differences. The results of the survey on the concept of fertility in the group H after 80, 90 were analyzed, and the degree difference and possible influencing factors in the transformation of their fertility concept were discussed in detail. The fourth part combined with the results of the previous two parts. One step is to sum up the main effects of economic, social, policy and cultural factors on the transformation of the concept of fertility. It analyzes the specific path of the influence factors to promote the transformation of the concept of fertility, and draws a conclusion that the transformation of the concept of fertility is an organic and complex process, regardless of the macroeconomic factors such as the transformation of the country's economic policy, or the individual self. The micro factors such as family, work and so on play an important role in the transformation of people's conception of childbearing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：C924.21

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