本文選題：人口 + 經(jīng)濟(jì)�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)是人們非常關(guān)注的兩大主題,研究兩者之間相互關(guān)系的內(nèi)容涉及多個指標(biāo),非常復(fù)雜,也十分豐富。因此,只有從實(shí)際出發(fā),全面深入的理解人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)之間的關(guān)系,才有助于解決人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展問題,從而促進(jìn)人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)之間的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。當(dāng)前,吉林省面臨著人口老齡化的速度比經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的速度快、人均資源占有率下降等問題,其根本原因是人口的發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展不是相對協(xié)調(diào)的。要想促進(jìn)吉林省的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,人民生活水平提高,就應(yīng)該從可持續(xù)發(fā)展的角度考慮,實(shí)現(xiàn)人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。基于經(jīng)濟(jì)適度人口、可持續(xù)發(fā)展、系統(tǒng)學(xué)、協(xié)同學(xué)的相關(guān)理論,利用1992年—2016年的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),從人口數(shù)量、人口結(jié)構(gòu)、人口質(zhì)量三個角度分析了吉林省人口子系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與變動特征為:總?cè)丝跀?shù)減少、人口老齡化問題突出、文盲率降低等;從經(jīng)濟(jì)總量、經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)濟(jì)水平三個角度分析吉林省經(jīng)濟(jì)子系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與變動特征為:GDP總量和人均GDP快速增長、第三產(chǎn)業(yè)占GDP的比重低于第二產(chǎn)業(yè)占GDP的比重、財(cái)政收入和支出大幅增加等。在吉林省人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)狀與變動特征分析的基礎(chǔ)上,引入歐氏距離的概念,建立歐氏距離協(xié)調(diào)度模型,采用主成分分析的方法和SPSS統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對人口子系統(tǒng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)子系統(tǒng)分別進(jìn)行指標(biāo)權(quán)重的計(jì)算,得到1991年到2015年吉林省人口發(fā)展度、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展度、人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合發(fā)展度、協(xié)調(diào)度以及協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展度的數(shù)值。進(jìn)而對1991年到2015年吉林省協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展度進(jìn)行聚類分析,研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)吉林省經(jīng)歷了中度失調(diào)發(fā)展、輕度失調(diào)發(fā)展、瀕臨失調(diào)發(fā)展、初級協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展和中級協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展五個階段,并且吉林省人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展度的數(shù)值呈上升的趨勢,說明吉林省人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)的協(xié)調(diào)性逐漸變好。最后,針對吉林省人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)狀以及人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的程度,提出了以下幾點(diǎn)建議:解決好人口數(shù)量與經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展關(guān)系;調(diào)整人口空間分布,促進(jìn)人口分布合理化;緩解人口老齡化壓力,健全社會保障制度;提高人口素質(zhì),加大教育投資;調(diào)節(jié)吉林省產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),鼓勵發(fā)展中小企業(yè);注重系統(tǒng)整體效應(yīng),促進(jìn)人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Population and economy are two major topics that people pay close attention to. The research on the relationship between them involves many indexes, is very complex, and is also very rich. Therefore, only by proceeding from reality and understanding the relationship between population and economy in an all-round way can we help to solve the problem of population and economic development and thus promote the harmonious development between population and economy. At present, Jilin Province is faced with problems such as the aging of population is faster than that of economic development, and the per capita share of resources is declining. The fundamental reason is that the development of population and the development of economy are not in relative harmony. In order to promote the economic development of Jilin province and raise the living standard of the people, we should consider the sustainable development and realize the coordinated development of population and economy. Based on the relevant theories of economic moderate population, sustainable development, systematics, and Synergetics, using relevant data from 1992 to 2016, from population size to population structure, This paper analyzes the present situation and changing characteristics of the population subsystem in Jilin Province from three angles of population quality: the decrease of the total population, the prominent problem of aging population, the decrease of illiteracy rate, etc. This paper analyzes the present situation and changing characteristics of economic subsystem in Jilin Province from three angles of economic level: the total amount of GDP and the per capita GDP increase rapidly, the proportion of tertiary industry in GDP is lower than that of the secondary industry in GDP, and the financial revenue and expenditure increase significantly. Based on the analysis of population and economic status and change characteristics of Jilin Province, the concept of Euclidean distance is introduced, and the Euclidean distance coordination degree model is established. The index weights of population subsystem and economic subsystem were calculated by principal component analysis (PCA) and SPSS software, respectively, and the population development degree, economic development degree, population and economic comprehensive development degree of Jilin Province from 1991 to 2015 were obtained. The degree of coordination and the value of the degree of coordinated development. From 1991 to 2015, a cluster analysis of the degree of coordinated development in Jilin Province was carried out. The results showed that Jilin Province experienced five stages: moderate maladjustment, slight maladjustment, bordering on maladjustment, primary coordinated development and intermediate coordinated development. Moreover, the population and economy of Jilin Province is on the rise, which indicates that the coordination between population and economy in Jilin Province is getting better. Finally, in view of the present situation of population and economy in Jilin Province and the degree of coordinated development of population and economy, the following suggestions are put forward: to solve the relationship between population quantity and economy, to adjust the spatial distribution of population, and to promote the rationalization of population distribution; To alleviate the pressure of aging population, improve the social security system, improve the quality of the population, increase investment in education, adjust the industrial structure of Jilin Province, encourage the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, pay attention to the overall effect of the system, and promote the coordinated development of population and economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C924.2;F127

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