本文選題：出生性別比 + 綜合治理�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：我國出生人口性別比偏高問題已持續(xù)了30多年的時間,并且呈現(xiàn)出了持續(xù)時間長、偏高程度大、涉及范圍廣等顯著特征,由于這一問題將會對婚姻家庭和社會生活產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)而嚴(yán)重的影響,引起了學(xué)術(shù)界廣泛而深入的研究,黨和政府及社會各界也給予了極大關(guān)注,并且采取了一系列社會治理活動。然而,現(xiàn)有研究多從社會、經(jīng)濟、制度等外圍因素入手,缺乏家庭經(jīng)濟文化視角的原因分析和新型家庭生育文化建設(shè)的制度設(shè)計。本論文選擇《我國出生性別比異常變化及綜合治理研究》這一題目,并重點把出生性別比異常變化的影響因素定位在社會最小細(xì)胞——家庭層面,力求從生育決策的主體出發(fā),通過對家庭生育決策過程以及干預(yù)生育性別行為的深入研究,探討治理出生性別比偏高問題的對策。本論文共10章,可分為三大部分。第一部分包括第1至3章,首先介紹了本文的研究背景以及研究目的和意義,從而使本研究有了準(zhǔn)確定位;對國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻做出了系統(tǒng)梳理,使本研究得以在吸收和借鑒已有研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上找到了突破口;對研究方法和技術(shù)路線的科學(xué)設(shè)計,使本研究有了明確的方向和分析解決問題的工具;主要內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點,則是簡要提煉了論文的核心內(nèi)容與觀點,以及本研究的創(chuàng)新之處;核心概念和相關(guān)理論,對本研究的核心概念做出了界定,簡要介紹了與本研究關(guān)系密切的相關(guān)理論;最后分析了出生性別比的特點及社會影響。第二部分包括第4至8章,首先分析了生育政策對出生性別比異常變化的影響,首次提出了生育政策的作用需要得到家庭回應(yīng)、生育政策的運行是政府與家庭之間雙向互動過程的觀點。本研究認(rèn)為,我國以一孩為主導(dǎo)的偏緊生育政策的出臺與農(nóng)村經(jīng)營體制改革的啟動時間相一致,隨后又出現(xiàn)了出生性別比升高的問題,這是一種歷史機遇的巧合。在實行農(nóng)村聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包制度的大背景下,即使沒有生育政策對家庭生育數(shù)量的擠壓,家庭同樣會做出偏好男孩的選擇,“提倡一孩”的生育政策只是起到了“推手”或“幫手”的作用。然后,分別從家庭經(jīng)濟因素、家庭文化傳承、家庭生育決策和家庭推力機制四個維度,對出生性別比偏高的微觀因素展開系統(tǒng)分析。在家庭經(jīng)濟因素中,把孩子成本效益、孩子作為家庭養(yǎng)老資源、家庭資源分配和家業(yè)繼承視為生育決策的重要條件,并且進行了系統(tǒng)論證。在家庭文化傳承中,把重男輕女思想觀念作為傳統(tǒng)生育文化傳承的主線和性別偏好形成的思想根源,通過對家庭是人的社會化第一場所、父母是孩子第一任教師的分析,得出了家庭世代形成的家德、家風(fēng)和祖訓(xùn)等家庭文化以及子隨父姓、婦從夫居、只有男孩才能傳宗接代的生育文化對家庭生育決策具有重要影響的結(jié)論。在家庭生育決策中,論文強調(diào)了生育主體是生育決策第一人、生育決策是由生育理性決定的觀點,即:生育主體的個人經(jīng)濟理性和非經(jīng)濟理性主導(dǎo)著家庭的生育決策。由于家庭類型和家庭功能的多樣性,決定了不同家庭對生育的不同態(tài)度,如果生育主體把對男孩的投資視為家庭財富的積累,把對女孩的投資視為家庭財產(chǎn)的流失,必然會刺激偏好男孩傾向的活躍和強化,進而導(dǎo)致對生育性別的干預(yù)和出生性別比的升高。在家庭推力機制中,首次提出了家庭推力的命題,對其涵義做出界定,分析了家庭推力各要素之間的邏輯關(guān)系,構(gòu)建了家庭推力機制分析模型,并且以黑龍江省為例,運用本研究構(gòu)建的分析模型,計算了黑龍江省出生性別結(jié)構(gòu)失衡動力評價綜合指數(shù)。第三部分包括第9至10章,在分析出生性別比異常變化家庭影響因素的基礎(chǔ)上,把研究引向了綜合治理出生性別比升高的社會實踐。首先介紹了國家綜合治理出生性別比升高“行動計劃”的框架,總結(jié)了實施“行動計劃”中創(chuàng)造和積累的實踐經(jīng)驗,歸納為“六項工程”和“六度效應(yīng)”,并且用六個省區(qū)的實際資料進行了實證。通過對“行動計劃”實際效果的評估,指出“行動計劃”設(shè)計中存在目標(biāo)缺失精準(zhǔn)度、行動計劃覆蓋有限性、任務(wù)分解缺乏可操作性等三個方面的短板,并且分析了“行動計劃”設(shè)計短板帶來的負(fù)效應(yīng)。論文以“綜合治理出生性別比異常變化的路徑選擇”收關(guān),意在把理論研究轉(zhuǎn)化為實踐成果,指導(dǎo)實踐創(chuàng)新發(fā)展。論文提出了綜合治理出生性別比升高專項治理向社會性別平等、推進社會性別主流化的全方位治理轉(zhuǎn)變的方向標(biāo),設(shè)計了四個方面的發(fā)展目標(biāo)和18項具體評估指標(biāo),標(biāo)示出實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的最佳路徑——構(gòu)建社會與家庭互動機制,提出調(diào)整綜合治理出生性別比偏高的重點領(lǐng)域等對策建議。這些對策建議對綜合治理出生性別比偏高行動的深入開展,盡快實現(xiàn)出生性別比正�；闹卫砟繕�(biāo),具有積極作用。本研究堅持道路自信、理論自信和制度自信的基本理念和思維,提出了影響出生性別比異常變化的“家庭動力機制”模型,并作出科學(xué)詮釋;通過篩選評估指標(biāo),構(gòu)建了以家庭因素為核心的出生性別比指標(biāo)體系;強調(diào)以生育主體為核心的治理理念,把綜合治理出生性別比偏高工作的重點放在家庭層面,使治理措施接通了地氣。
[Abstract]:The problem of the high sex ratio of the population of our country has lasted for more than 30 years, and it has been characterized by long duration, high degree and wide range, which will have profound and profound influence on marriage and family and social life. It has caused extensive and deep research in the academic circle, the party and the government and the society. All walks of life have given great attention, and take a series of social governance activities. However, the existing research is mainly from the social, economic, institutional and other peripheral factors, the lack of family economic and cultural perspective and the system design of new family fertility culture construction. This paper chooses the abnormal change and comprehensive management of the sex ratio at birth in our country. On this topic, we focus on the influence factors of the abnormal change of birth sex ratio in the social minimum cell family level, try to start from the main body of the birth decision making, through the in-depth study on the family decision making process and the sex behavior of the birth control, to discuss the Countermeasures of the higher sex ratio of the birth control. 10 Chapter 1 can be divided into three parts. The first part includes first to 3 chapters. First, it introduces the background of the study and the purpose and significance of the study, which makes the research accurate and makes a systematic review of the relevant literature at home and abroad, so that this research can find a breakthrough on the basis of absorbing and drawing on the existing research results; The scientific design of the method and technical route makes the research have a clear direction and a tool for analyzing and solving the problem; the main content and the innovation point are briefly abstracted the core content and view of the paper, and the innovation of this research, the core concept and the related theory, and the definition of the core concept of this research, and the brief introduction of the research. This study is closely related to the relevant theories; finally, the characteristics and social effects of birth sex ratio are analyzed. The second part includes fourth to 8 chapters. First, it analyzes the influence of the birth policy on the abnormal change of birth sex ratio, and first proposes that the role of the birth policy needs to be answered by the family, and the operation of the birth policy is between the government and the family. In this study, this study holds that one child dominated childbearing policy is in accordance with the start time of the reform of rural management system, and then the rise of birth sex ratio has emerged. This is a coincidence of historical opportunities. In the context of the implementation of the rural joint production contract system, even if there is no birth. The family will also make a preference for the boy's choice by squeezing the number of family births. The policy of "advocating one child" is only playing the role of "pushing hands" or "helping hands". Then, from four dimensions of family economic factors, family culture inheritance, family birth decision and family court thrust mechanism, the ratio of birth sex ratio is higher respectively. In the family economic factors, the child's cost and benefit, the child as the family endowment resources, the family resources distribution and the family inheritance are regarded as the important conditions for the birth decision, and the systematic demonstration is carried out. The ideological root of the formation of sex preference, through the analysis of the first place of the family is the socialization of people and the first teacher of the child, the family culture of family generation, family culture, family and father's family culture as well as the son and father's surname, and the woman from the husband, only the boy can pass the birth culture to the family decision making. In the family birth decision, the thesis emphasizes that the subject of fertility is the first person in the birth decision, the decision of the birth control is determined by the fertility reason, that is, the individual economic rationality and the non economic rationality of the subject are dominated by the family's birth decision. In different attitudes, if the reproductive subject regards the investment in the boy as the accumulation of family wealth and the loss of the investment to the girl's family property, it will inevitably stimulate the activity and strengthening of the preference of the boys, and then lead to the intervention of the sex and the rise of the sex ratio at birth. In the family thrust mechanism, the family is first proposed. The proposition of thrust is defined, the logical relationship between various elements of family thrust is analyzed, and the analysis model of family thrust mechanism is constructed. And taking Heilongjiang Province as an example, the comprehensive index of dynamic evaluation of gender structure imbalance in Heilongjiang province is calculated by using the analysis model constructed in this study. The third part includes ninth to 10 chapters, On the basis of analyzing the family influence factors of the abnormal birth sex ratio, the study introduced the study to the social practice of comprehensive treatment of birth sex ratio. Firstly, the framework of "action plan" was introduced, and the practical experience of creating and accumulating in the "action plan" was summarized, which was summed up as "six "Project" and "six degree effect", and use the actual data of six provinces and regions to carry out an empirical study. Through the evaluation of the actual effect of the "action plan", it is pointed out that there are three short boards in the "action plan" design, such as the precision of the target missing, the limitation of the action plan, the lack of operability of the task, and the analysis of the "action plan". The action plan "designs the negative effect of the short board. The paper takes" comprehensive treatment of the path selection of the abnormal change of birth sex ratio ". It aims to transform the theoretical research into practical results and guide the development of innovation. The paper puts forward a comprehensive management of gender ratio of birth to social gender equality and the promotion of gender mainstreaming. In the direction of the omni-directional governance transformation, four development goals and 18 specific evaluation indexes are designed to indicate the best way to achieve the goal - the construction of social and family interaction mechanism, and the suggestions to adjust the key areas with high sex ratio at birth, and so on. These countermeasures suggest the comprehensive treatment of birth sex. This study adheres to the basic concept and thinking of road confidence, theoretical confidence and institutional confidence, and puts forward a "family power system" model that affects the abnormal change in birth sex ratio, and makes a scientific interpretation; through screening and evaluation. The index system of birth sex ratio with family factors as the core is constructed, and the concept of governance based on the core of fertility is emphasized, and the emphasis on the comprehensive treatment of the higher sex ratio of birth to the family level is put on the family level, and the governance measures are connected to the ground gas.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：C924.24

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李長浩;;以“五聯(lián)共管”機制治理出生人口性別比[J];人口與計劃生育;2016年01期

2 石雅茗;劉爽;;中國出生性別比的新變化及其思考[J];人口研究;2015年04期

3 黃匡時;;“單獨兩孩”政策對人口出生性別比的影響效應(yīng)分析[J];人口學(xué)刊;2015年04期

4 劉中一;;出生性別比治理的公眾參與研究[J];中共南京市委黨校學(xué)報;2015年03期

5 晏月平;呂昭河;;人口超百萬少數(shù)民族出生性別比差異與綜合治理研究[J];人口與發(fā)展;2015年03期

6 楊菊華;李紅娟;;出生性別比失衡的四要素:一個省級層面的縱向分析[J];學(xué)術(shù)研究;2015年05期

7 石人炳;陳寧;;單獨二孩政策實施對出生人口性別比的影響研究[J];華中師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版);2015年02期

8 郭洪花;張彩虹;池琳琳;;人工流產(chǎn)社會影響因素的研究進展[J];中國婦產(chǎn)科臨床雜志;2015年02期

9 原新;劉厚蓮;;流動人口出生性別比形勢與貢獻分析[J];人口學(xué)刊;2015年01期

10 陸杰華;張韻;;中國性別失衡的公共治理視角:“預(yù)前”與“預(yù)后”[J];西安交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2014年06期

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前1條

1 原新;;構(gòu)建和諧社會，，要認(rèn)清我國人口重大轉(zhuǎn)折[N];中國教育報;2006年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 周W

本文編號：1880292