本文選題：生育政策 + 現(xiàn)金補(bǔ)貼��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版)》2017年05期

【摘要】：在已有的鼓勵(lì)生育的政策中,現(xiàn)金補(bǔ)貼政策具有操作簡(jiǎn)單、作用直接、指向明確的特點(diǎn),對(duì)鼓勵(lì)生育有積極作用,其實(shí)施效果受補(bǔ)貼力度、父母受教育水平以及家庭收入等因素影響;稅收優(yōu)惠政策實(shí)施時(shí)間較晚,具有操作復(fù)雜、調(diào)節(jié)精細(xì)化等特點(diǎn),但其作用尚未取得一致性的結(jié)論,其實(shí)施效果受育齡婦女年齡、教育水平以及家庭收入水平等因素影響;產(chǎn)假政策具有覆蓋面廣、歷史悠久、制度完備等特點(diǎn),對(duì)鼓勵(lì)生育有積極作用,但效果較小,其實(shí)施效果受家庭收入、女性勞動(dòng)供給等因素影響。國(guó)際上可供借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)包括:提高政策支持力度,及早進(jìn)行干預(yù),更容易產(chǎn)生效果;在干預(yù)政策的選擇上,現(xiàn)金補(bǔ)貼政策可先于稅收政策,產(chǎn)假制度可作為輔助,使政策之間形成配合;對(duì)政策進(jìn)行精細(xì)化設(shè)計(jì),如鼓勵(lì)多孩和大家庭、男性產(chǎn)假等。
[Abstract]:Among the existing policies to encourage fertility, the cash subsidy policy has the characteristics of simple operation, direct effect and clear direction, and has a positive effect on the encouragement of fertility, and the effect of its implementation is subject to the degree of subsidy. Factors such as parents' education level and family income, the time of implementation of preferential tax policy is relatively late, the operation is complex, the adjustment is fine, but its function has not yet reached the conclusion of consistency, and the effect of the implementation is affected by the age of women of childbearing age. Factors such as educational level and family income level; maternity leave policy, with its broad coverage, long history and well-established system, has a positive effect on encouraging fertility, but it has less effect, and its implementation effect is affected by family income. Female labor supply and other factors. The international experience that can be used for reference includes: increasing policy support and early intervention are more likely to produce results; in the choice of intervention policies, the cash subsidy policy can precede the tax policy, and the maternity leave system can be used as a supplement. Coordinate policies; elaborate policies, such as encouraging multiple children and extended families, male maternity leave, etc.
【作者單位】： 北京師范大學(xué)政府管理學(xué)院;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金資助(310422103)
【分類號(hào)】：C924.2
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本文編號(hào)：1848343