本文選題：少子化 + 老年化��； 參考：《上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：少子老年化是指在兒童的出生數(shù)不斷減少的同時(shí)，老年人口占總?cè)丝诘谋壤粩嘣黾拥默F(xiàn)象。日本自1975年開(kāi)始少子化以來(lái)，已經(jīng)于1997年進(jìn)入少子社會(huì)。另一方面，日本也從1970年進(jìn)入老年化社會(huì)，并于2005年65歲以上的人口的比例達(dá)到21%。 這樣的少子老年化現(xiàn)象給日本的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展帶來(lái)了很大的影響。首先，在人口減少的影響之下造成日本建筑業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)的比例下降的同時(shí)，教育相關(guān)的產(chǎn)業(yè)、婦產(chǎn)科和少兒科等與兒童相關(guān)的產(chǎn)業(yè)也因?yàn)樯僮踊s小了市場(chǎng)規(guī)模。另一方面，與老年人相關(guān)的護(hù)理、健康醫(yī)療產(chǎn)業(yè)以及自動(dòng)化產(chǎn)業(yè)則得到了發(fā)展。 在這樣的人口變化的背景之下，日本政府采取了很多措施。首先，為了提高生育率，，日本政府在1991年制定了《生育休假法》，并且在1994年制定了簡(jiǎn)稱《天使計(jì)劃》的鼓勵(lì)生育的政策。其次，在深受少子化影響的教育領(lǐng)域，日本政府給予充分重視，在普及教育的同時(shí)，還以提高教育水準(zhǔn)為目標(biāo)調(diào)整教育投資結(jié)構(gòu)。并且教育的重點(diǎn)也轉(zhuǎn)向了高等教育，相比較數(shù)量更重視教育質(zhì)量的提高。再次，由于以老年人為主體的醫(yī)療、社會(huì)保障以及護(hù)理等產(chǎn)業(yè)正在吸收越來(lái)越多的就業(yè)人員，日本政府不斷支持其發(fā)展。為了充分?jǐn)U展老年人介護(hù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，日本政府在老年人住宅、家用醫(yī)療設(shè)備、介護(hù)機(jī)器人以及老年人IT產(chǎn)業(yè)等領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行研究，推動(dòng)老年人產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。 中國(guó)在2010年65歲以上的人口已突破1億，并且預(yù)計(jì)在2027年人口將達(dá)到2億。在這樣的狀況之下，中國(guó)必須得從現(xiàn)在就開(kāi)始制定并實(shí)施相關(guān)政策，發(fā)展諸如社會(huì)服務(wù)業(yè)、社會(huì)福祉、保險(xiǎn)和金融業(yè)，以及以老年人為對(duì)象的教育文化產(chǎn)業(yè)等。通過(guò)研究日本在少子老年化的影響下的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，對(duì)將來(lái)會(huì)面臨同樣問(wèn)題的中國(guó)具有很高的參考意義。
[Abstract]:The aging of minority children refers to the increasing proportion of the aged population to the total population while the number of children is decreasing. Japan has entered the minority society since 1975. Japan, on the other hand, has been aging since 1970, reaching 21 percent of the population over 65 in 2005. This phenomenon of the aging of minority children to Japan's industrial development brought a great impact. First of all, under the influence of population decline, the proportion of Japanese construction and agriculture has fallen, while education-related industries, such as obstetrics and gynaecology, and children-related industries, such as children-related industries, have also reduced the market size because of minority children. On the other hand, the nursing, health care and automation industries related to the elderly have been developed. Against this background of demographic change, the Japanese government has taken many measures. First, in order to raise the fertility rate, the Japanese government enacted the Maternity leave Act in 1991, and in 1994, the Angel Program, a policy to encourage fertility. Secondly, in the field of education deeply influenced by minority children, the Japanese government pays full attention to it, while popularizing education, it also adjusts the structure of education investment with the aim of improving the educational level. And the focus of education has shifted to higher education, more emphasis on the quality of education than the quantity. Third, the Japanese government has been supporting the development of elderly health care, social security and nursing industries, which are absorbing more and more employed people. In order to fully expand the elderly care industry, the Japanese government in the elderly residential, household medical equipment, referral robots and IT industry for the elderly to promote the development of the elderly industry. China's population of 65 and older exceeded 100 million in 2010 and is expected to reach 200 million by 2027. In such a situation, China must begin to formulate and implement policies such as social services, social welfare, insurance and finance, and educational and cultural industries for the elderly. By studying the industrial development of Japan under the influence of the aging of minority children, it is of great significance for China to face the same problems in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F131.3;C924.313

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