本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口 + 市民化�。� 參考：《河南工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：從新中國剛剛成立到現(xiàn)在,我國那些從農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移到了城鎮(zhèn)的人群的稱謂,有了很多次巨大的改變,這些稱謂中,“農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口”是在我國近幾年人口快速城鎮(zhèn)化的過程中才逐漸地演變而來的,但是它的內(nèi)涵與以前的稱謂相比已經(jīng)有了相當(dāng)大的差別。農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn),已成為我國產(chǎn)業(yè)工人中不可替代的組成部分。農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化是解決我國農(nóng)村剩余勞動力,提高他們生活水平最重要的途徑,也是加快我國城鎮(zhèn)化和工業(yè)化的最重要的推動力。然而目前我國的農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化過程中在存在很多的問題,這些問題降低了農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口的生活水平,加大了城鄉(xiāng)差距和社會不公,嚴(yán)重影響了我國城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程。本文首先使用理論分析法,分析了農(nóng)業(yè)人口轉(zhuǎn)移的原因,為我國農(nóng)業(yè)人口轉(zhuǎn)移提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。然后本文對我國農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化過程中存在著諸如子女教育、醫(yī)療、就業(yè)、社會保障等問題,這些問題的存在使得農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口雖然生活在城市中,卻享受不到城市中市民應(yīng)該享受到的各種權(quán)利,使得他們的城市生活存在巨大的困難。引起這些問題的原因有很多,其中制度是各種問題的根源,因此,本文主要從戶籍制度、就業(yè)制度和社會保障制度三個方面進(jìn)行了分析。我國的二元戶籍制度阻礙農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口融入城市,在遷移地實(shí)現(xiàn)就業(yè),隨遷子女接受教育和享有市民同等社會保障的權(quán)利,是市民化過程中最根本的制度性障礙;我國就業(yè)準(zhǔn)入制度的不平等,登記制度的不統(tǒng)一,服務(wù)和培訓(xùn)機(jī)制的不平等導(dǎo)致我國的農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口的就業(yè)條件和城市居民相比存在很大的差距;社會保障制度是生活的一種最基本的保障,而我國社會保障制度的不完善,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口不能享有工傷、醫(yī)療、失業(yè)和養(yǎng)老等方面最基本的保障。隨后通過對美國和日本農(nóng)業(yè)人口轉(zhuǎn)移的概況和采取的相關(guān)政策進(jìn)行描述,進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn)我國農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化過程中制度方面存在的不足。制度是我國農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化中各種問題的根源,為了更好地促進(jìn)了我國農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口的市民化,本文從以下幾個方面對我國的制度改革提出建議:一、改革戶籍制度,具體包括建立城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的戶籍制度,剔除戶籍制度上附加的福利,規(guī)范戶籍管理制度;二、改革就業(yè)制度,包括構(gòu)建公平的就業(yè)市場準(zhǔn)入制度,建立全國統(tǒng)一的就業(yè)信息注冊登記制度,提供相對公平的就業(yè)服務(wù)和就業(yè)培訓(xùn)機(jī)制;三、完善社會保障制度,強(qiáng)化工傷保險繳納制度,改革失業(yè)保險制度,完善醫(yī)療和養(yǎng)老保障制度。
[Abstract]:From the founding of New China to the present, the appellations of the people who have moved from the countryside to the towns have undergone many great changes. Among these appellations,"Agricultural population transfer" has evolved gradually in the process of rapid urbanization in China in recent years, but its connotation is quite different from previous appellations.Agricultural migration has made a great contribution to the economic and social development of our country and has become an irreplaceable part of the industrial workers in our country.The urbanization of agricultural transfer population is the most important way to solve the rural surplus labor force and improve their living standard. It is also the most important driving force to speed up the urbanization and industrialization of our country.However, there are many problems in the process of urbanization of agricultural transfer population in our country. These problems reduce the living standard of agricultural transfer population, widen the gap between urban and rural areas and social injustice, and seriously affect the process of urbanization in China.In this paper, the reason of agricultural population transfer is analyzed by using theoretical analysis method, which provides a theoretical basis for agricultural population transfer in China.Then this paper analyzes the current situation of the urbanization of agricultural transfer population in China, and finds that there are some problems such as children education, medical treatment, employment, social security and so on in the process of the urbanization of agricultural transfer population.The existence of these problems makes the agricultural transfer population living in the city, but not enjoying the city citizens should enjoy all kinds of rights, so that their urban life has great difficulties.There are many reasons for these problems, among which the system is the root of all kinds of problems. Therefore, this paper mainly analyzes the household registration system, the employment system and the social security system.The dual household registration system of our country hinders the agricultural transfer population to integrate into the city, realizes the employment in the migration place, receives the education and the citizen equal social security right with the moving children, is the most fundamental system barrier in the process of the city citizenship;The inequality of the employment access system, the inconsistency of the registration system and the inequality of the service and training mechanism lead to a great gap between the employment conditions of the agricultural transfer population in China and that of the urban residents.The social security system is the most basic guarantee of life, but the imperfection of the social security system in our country leads to the agricultural transfer population can not enjoy the most basic protection in the aspects of work injury, medical treatment, unemployment and old-age care, etc.Then, by describing the general situation and relevant policies of agricultural population transfer in the United States and Japan, the author further finds out the deficiencies of the system in the process of popularizing the population of agricultural transfer in China.System is the root of all kinds of problems in the urbanization of agricultural transfer population in China. In order to better promote the urbanization of agricultural transfer population in China, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the system reform of our country from the following aspects: first, reform the household registration system,Specifically, it includes the establishment of a unified household registration system between urban and rural areas, the removal of additional benefits from the household registration system, and the standardization of the household registration management system; second, the reform of the employment system, including the establishment of a fair employment market access system,Establish a unified nationwide registration system for employment information, provide relatively fair employment services and employment training mechanisms; third, improve the social security system, strengthen the payment system of industrial injury insurance, and reform the unemployment insurance system.We will improve the medical care and old-age security system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：C924.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 張彌;;社會結(jié)構(gòu)變化中的人口遷移與城鎮(zhèn)化[J];科學(xué)社會主義;2013年03期

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本文編號：1738898