本文選題：延邊地區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：朝鮮族　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：吉林省是我國(guó)朝鮮族人口分布最密集的省份，而延邊地區(qū)又是吉林省朝鮮族人口的最主要聚居地。在其他少數(shù)民族人口穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)的同時(shí)，延邊地區(qū)朝鮮族人口的發(fā)展卻呈現(xiàn)相反的景象，1996年以后，延邊地區(qū)朝鮮族人口連續(xù)十幾年出現(xiàn)負(fù)增長(zhǎng)并達(dá)到了全國(guó)最低水平。而朝鮮族女性人口由于特殊的生活習(xí)慣和文化特征，發(fā)生了大規(guī)模的遷移，這勢(shì)必會(huì)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。 自然增長(zhǎng)率出現(xiàn)負(fù)數(shù)，使朝鮮族人口在延邊州總?cè)丝诘乃急壤苍诓粩嘞禄�，�?949年的63.4%下降到2010年的36.6%。朝鮮族人口的減少與出生率低、死亡率高和人口大量外遷有密切關(guān)系。一是很多朝鮮族女性人口主動(dòng)放棄生二胎的權(quán)利，普遍一胎化，這導(dǎo)致朝鮮族人口的出生率連年降低。二是朝鮮族死亡率較高,尤其是中、老年死亡率更高，這是由于朝鮮族人口不科學(xué)的飲食習(xí)慣和生活方式。三是朝鮮族遷出人口逐年增多，尤其是大量女性人口加入到勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)，利用自己天生語(yǔ)言?xún)?yōu)勢(shì)，很多女性遷移到韓國(guó)打工，有些甚至通過(guò)婚姻遷移永久離開(kāi)了原居住地。20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)，延邊地區(qū)朝鮮族流出人口越來(lái)越多，尤其是女性人口的遷移趨勢(shì)更加明顯。女性人口的遷移方式不再是傳統(tǒng)的“依附移民”，而是轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤白灾饕泼瘛?務(wù)工、學(xué)習(xí)、經(jīng)商、婚姻與親屬移民等成為朝鮮族女性遷移的主要形式。 90%的朝鮮族遷移女性年齡集中在15-50歲，其中20-25歲是女性人口遷移的高峰。在遷移的所有朝鮮族女性人口中，52.18%是未婚女性，95.13%是初中以上文化水平，可以看出朝鮮族遷移女性人口大多是未婚且文化素質(zhì)較高的女性。她們遷移的原因主要是務(wù)工和學(xué)習(xí)，分別占到68.95%和17.28%，另外還有7.06%是婚姻遷移。在所有的女性遷移人口中，有35.40%的人口在省內(nèi)流動(dòng)，有26.68%的人遷移到省外，有22.99％的人遷到了韓國(guó)，還有14.93%的人遷移到其他國(guó)家。 論文的主體是運(yùn)用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、二分類(lèi)Logistic回歸分析和多分類(lèi)Logistic回歸分析的方法對(duì)延邊地區(qū)朝鮮族女性遷移人口影響因素的分析。得出結(jié)論：15-34歲朝鮮族女性群體最易發(fā)生遷移；已婚女性遷移到韓國(guó)的傾向大于未婚女性；受教育程度影響著遷移意愿，初中文化水平以上的女性遷移意愿更加強(qiáng)烈；戶(hù)主的孩子遷入地最可能是省內(nèi)和韓國(guó)；家庭人口數(shù)和戶(hù)口性質(zhì)對(duì)女性人口遷移作用不顯著。 延邊朝鮮族女性人口的遷移對(duì)女性人口自身、家庭和延邊地區(qū)都產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。遷移增加了家庭的收入，也拉動(dòng)了當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，但同時(shí)也帶來(lái)一些問(wèn)題。對(duì)女性人口自身而言，女性遷移人口難以融入遷入地的生活，她們勞動(dòng)參與率低，大多從事低薪工作或無(wú)酬的家務(wù)勞動(dòng)，，生殖健康狀況受到威脅，晚婚晚育意愿也變得更加強(qiáng)烈；對(duì)家庭來(lái)講，女性人口遷移降低了婚姻的穩(wěn)定性，也使她們生二胎的意愿減弱，家中老人孩子的照料成為問(wèn)題；對(duì)延邊地區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō)，育齡婦女的遷出使朝鮮族人口總量和生育水平下降，更嚴(yán)重的是加劇了農(nóng)村的婚姻市場(chǎng)擠壓，導(dǎo)致婚齡人口性別比嚴(yán)重失調(diào)。
[Abstract]:Jilin province is the province population distribution of the most intensive Korean in China, while Yanbian is the Korean population in Jilin province. The main settlements in other ethnic minority population is steadily growing at the same time, the development of the Korean population of Yanbian area shows the oppositetrend. After 1996, Yanbian Korean population of ten consecutive years the negative growth and reached the lowest level. While the Korean female population due to the special habits and cultural characteristics, mass migration occurred, it will have a huge impact on the local economic and social development.
The natural growth rate is negative, the Korean population in Yanbian, the total population in the proportion of decline, fell from 63.4% in 1949 to 2010 the Korean population of 36.6%. decrease with the low birth rate, high mortality rate and is closely related to the large population relocation. A lot of Korean women give up life child rights, generally a child, which led to the Korean population birth rate decreased year after year. The two is the Korean high mortality rate, especially in the elderly, a higher mortality rate, which is due to the Korean population of poor dietary habits and lifestyle. The three is Korean emigration is increasing year by year, especially large the female population into the labor market, using their own natural language advantage, many women migrated to South Korea to work, since some even through marriage migration leave the former residence of the.20 century in 90s, in Yanbian District Korean out of more and more people, especially the female population migration trend is more obvious. The migration way of the female population is no longer a traditional "dependent immigration", but also "independent immigrants", work, learning, business, marriage and family immigration has become the main form of Korean female migration.
90% Korean female migrants concentrated in the age 15-50, which is 20-25 year old female migration peak. In all Korean female population migration, 52.18% unmarried women, 95.13% junior high school or higher education level, we can see that most of the migration of female population of Korean is not married and the culture of high quality women. Their reasons the migration is mainly working and learning, respectively accounted for 68.95% and 17.28%, another 7.06% is female marriage migration. In the migration of the population in all, 35.40% of the population flow in the province, there are 26.68% people migrate to other provinces, there are 22.99% people moved to Korea, and 14.93% of people migrate to other countries.
The main body of the thesis is the use of descriptive statistical analysis method, two classification Logistic regression analysis and multinomial Logistic regression analysis of the factors affecting the migration of population of Korean women in Yanbian area. The conclusions are as follows: 15-34 year old Korean women are most prone to migration; married women are easy to migrate than unmarried women; education the migration intention, culture of junior high school above the level of female migration will be more intense; the children in the most likely province and South Korea; family population and household properties were not significant on the migration of female population.
The migration of Yanbian Korean female population of female population, has exerted a great influence in family and in Yanbian area. It improves the family income, but also stimulating the development of the local economy, but also brought some problems. The female population itself, female migration population is difficult to integrate into local life, their labor the participation rate is low, mostly engaged in low paid workor unpaid housework, reproductive health is threatened, delayed marriage and childbearing willingness become more intense; the family is concerned, the migration of female population reduces the stability of marriage, also make their child will weaken, the elderly and children home care becomes a problem for Yanbian region; to move out, so that the Korean women of childbearing age in the total population and birth rate decline, the more serious is exacerbated in rural areas of the marriage market squeeze, resulting in a serious imbalance of marriageable sex ratio.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C924.24

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