本文選題：計(jì)劃生育利益導(dǎo)向政策　切入點(diǎn)：人口數(shù)量　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2011年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：進(jìn)入21世紀(jì),我國(guó)人口發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)呈現(xiàn)出較以往更為復(fù)雜的局面,人口老齡化日益加重、人口素質(zhì)總體水平仍然不高、出生人口性別比明顯失衡等。與此相應(yīng),我國(guó)計(jì)劃生育工作的主要目標(biāo)也已從最初控制人口數(shù)量的過(guò)快增長(zhǎng),逐步轉(zhuǎn)移到如何統(tǒng)籌解決人口數(shù)量、素質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)和分布,有利于人口長(zhǎng)期均衡發(fā)展上來(lái)。在這一轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程中,尤其在進(jìn)入新的世紀(jì)以來(lái),“計(jì)劃生育利益導(dǎo)向政策”逐步成為合理引導(dǎo)我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民生育意愿與生育行為的一項(xiàng)重要機(jī)制,并已被實(shí)踐證明是更易于為群眾所接受的計(jì)劃生育工作新方法。正因如此,深入研究我國(guó)計(jì)劃生育利益導(dǎo)向政策,對(duì)進(jìn)一步完善我國(guó)計(jì)劃生育工作具有重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,對(duì)全面系統(tǒng)認(rèn)識(shí)計(jì)劃生育相關(guān)理論并不斷充實(shí)其內(nèi)涵也具有重要的理論意義。 本文基于翔實(shí)的歷史資料和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),采用定性與定量分析相結(jié)合、以定性分析為主的研究方法,從計(jì)劃生育利益導(dǎo)向政策的補(bǔ)償機(jī)制與導(dǎo)向機(jī)制兩個(gè)視角,著重探討了三個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：首先,系統(tǒng)梳理了計(jì)劃生育利益導(dǎo)向政策的時(shí)空發(fā)展歷程。其次,深入分析了相關(guān)利益導(dǎo)向政策對(duì)控制人口數(shù)量、提高人口素質(zhì)、治理出生性別比失衡及幫扶計(jì)劃生育困難家庭等四個(gè)方面的影響作用。最后,根據(jù)本文的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)提出進(jìn)一步完善我國(guó)計(jì)劃生育利益導(dǎo)向政策的思路和建議。 本文重點(diǎn)對(duì)旨在控制人口數(shù)量、提高人口素質(zhì)、引導(dǎo)出生性別比趨于正常及幫扶計(jì)劃生育困難家庭的計(jì)劃生育利益導(dǎo)向政策的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)： (1)現(xiàn)行旨在控制人口數(shù)量的計(jì)劃生育利益導(dǎo)向政策對(duì)引導(dǎo)群眾生育行為的影響主要表現(xiàn)為輔助作用,即在目前影響各省區(qū)穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)行低生育水平的綜合因素中,利益導(dǎo)向政策僅能起到“不讓計(jì)劃生育家庭不滿意”、“使違反計(jì)劃生育家庭有所顧忌”的作用,其自身的激勵(lì)功效小于經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)因素的影響。與此同時(shí),研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),同以往人們所預(yù)期的并不一致,計(jì)劃生育利益導(dǎo)向政策對(duì)控制人口數(shù)量的影響并未出現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展水平越低下的地區(qū)其效應(yīng)表現(xiàn)得越顯著的現(xiàn)象。 (2)現(xiàn)行計(jì)劃生育利益導(dǎo)向政策對(duì)提高出生人口素質(zhì)的力度尚不能與環(huán)境、食品因素的影響相比,加之近年來(lái)出生缺陷的檢測(cè)更為精細(xì),使得出生缺陷發(fā)生率呈上升趨勢(shì)；而且,由于我國(guó)很多地區(qū)旨在提高人口素質(zhì)的計(jì)劃生育利益導(dǎo)向政策的實(shí)際用途發(fā)生了改變,導(dǎo)致目前這一方面的利益導(dǎo)向政策對(duì)獨(dú)生子女身體素質(zhì)的影響很微弱。 (3)對(duì)“關(guān)愛(ài)女孩行動(dòng)”試點(diǎn)地區(qū)的分析結(jié)果表明,這些地區(qū)初步形成了有利于女孩成長(zhǎng)、成才的社會(huì)環(huán)境,出生人口性別比開始出現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),但不能完全寄希望于現(xiàn)有的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助政策,還需加強(qiáng)完善婚嫁習(xí)俗、養(yǎng)老保障、男女同工同酬等社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)制度。 (4)我國(guó)計(jì)劃生育利益導(dǎo)向政策的補(bǔ)償性功能已初步建立并逐步完善,這一點(diǎn)已得到各界的共識(shí)。但是,根據(jù)本文分析結(jié)果可知,不應(yīng)不加區(qū)別地繼續(xù)強(qiáng)化各類計(jì)劃生育補(bǔ)償功能,而需加強(qiáng)對(duì)重度殘疾獨(dú)生子女與計(jì)劃生育手術(shù)嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥、后遺癥患者及其家庭的補(bǔ)償力度；同時(shí)也要注意有關(guān)獨(dú)生子女家庭的利益導(dǎo)向政策對(duì)未來(lái)符合法律法規(guī)可以生育兩個(gè)孩子家庭生育數(shù)量的誤導(dǎo)。 (5)從理論層面上來(lái)說(shuō),對(duì)現(xiàn)有相關(guān)理論在我國(guó)的適應(yīng)性的分析表明,基于微觀人口經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論提出的孩子成本-效益理論、孩子質(zhì)量-數(shù)量替代理論對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)村居民生育行為的解釋力較有限。
[Abstract]:In twenty-first Century, the development trend of China's population showed a more complicated situation than in the past, the aging population is increasing, the quality of the population overall level is still not high, than the obvious imbalance of birth sex. Accordingly, the main goal of China's family planning work has been from the initial population control excessive growth and gradually transfer to overall solve the population quantity, quality, structure and distribution, is conducive to the long-term balanced development of the population. In the process of transformation, especially since entering the new century, the "interest oriented family planning policy" has gradually become an important guide of China's urban and rural residents fertility willingness and behavior, and have been proved to be a new method of family planning work more easily accepted by the masses. Because of this, in-depth study of China's interest oriented family planning policy, to further improve our plan The birth control work is of great practical significance. It is of great theoretical significance to understand the family planning theory in a comprehensive system and to enrich its connotation.
This paper detailed historical data and based on the statistical data, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the qualitative analysis of research methods, from the two perspectives of the compensation mechanism of interest oriented family planning policy and guidance mechanism, focusing on three aspects: first, systematically analyzes the spatial development process of interest oriented family planning policies. Secondly, in-depth analysis of the relevant interest oriented policies on population control, and improve population quality, management of birth sex ratio imbalance and the influence of four aspects of helping needy families and other family planning role. Finally, according to the findings of this research put forward ideas and suggestions to further improve China's interest oriented family planning policy.
This paper focuses on the research of family planning interest oriented policy, which is aimed at controlling population size, improving population quality, guiding normal sex ratio at birth and helping families with family planning difficulties.
(1) to the current interest oriented family planning policy to control the population impact on reproductive behavior and guide the masses mainly as a supporting role in the comprehensive influence factors of the provinces and autonomous regions in stabilizing the current low fertility level, interest oriented policy can only play a "don't let the family planning family satisfaction", "the violation of family planning scruples" role, its influence is less than the incentive effect of economic and social factors. At the same time, the study also found that with other people's expectations, interest oriented family planning policy impact on population control does not appear in the economic and social development level is low in its effect was more significant the phenomenon.
(2) the current interest oriented family planning policy to improve the quality of the birth population dynamics cannot be compared with the environment, food factors, and in recent years the birth defect detection is more precise, the increased incidence of birth defects; moreover, due to many areas of China in order to improve the practical use of interest oriented family planning policy population the quality of the change, leading to the current impact of interest oriented policies in this aspect of the only child physical quality is very weak.
(3) the results of "caring for girls" pilot areas showed that these areas formed in favor of girls grow, become the social environment, the sex ratio at birth began to decline, but can't rely solely on the existing policy, also need to strengthen and perfect marriage customs, old-age security, equal pay for men and women the social and economic system.
(4) China's interest oriented family planning policy compensatory function has been initially established and perfected gradually, and this has been the consensus of the community. However, according to the analysis results, should not be indiscriminately to strengthen all kinds of family planning and compensation function, the need to strengthen the serious complications of severe disability child and plan operation of family, compensation to sequelae of patients and their families; at the same time should also pay attention to the interests of policy about one-child families can mislead the number of two child family planning for the future in accordance with laws and regulations.
(5) from a theoretical perspective, the analysis of the adaptability of the existing theories in China shows that the theory of child cost effectiveness based on the theory of micro population economics has little explanatory power on the theory of child quality quantity substitution to the rural residents' reproductive behavior in China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：C924.21

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