本文選題：出生性別比　切入點：政策　出處：《西安工程大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：中國自20世紀80年代以來，出現(xiàn)了出生性別比偏高的現(xiàn)象，并有逐年升高的趨勢，很多地區(qū)的出生性別比的值大大高于出生性別比的正常值域的上限。如果出生性別比偏高的態(tài)勢不能得到有效的遏制，那么會引發(fā)一系列的社會問題，同時也侵害了女性的生存和發(fā)展。在這樣的背景下，國家政府、研究者以及社會公眾都對出生性別比偏高的問題給予了很大的關注和重視。為了有效地遏制出生性別比的升高并使之趨于正常，中央和地方各級政府不僅從政策的角度即制定和出臺各項法律法規(guī)和社會政策，而且從宣傳的角度即采用現(xiàn)代化的宣傳網(wǎng)絡引導人們形成性別平等的現(xiàn)代文明的生育觀念和文化。 2003年，國家政府開展了“關愛女孩行動”，其目的是運用公共政策手段對出生性別比偏高問題進行引導，并維護婦女和女童的生存和發(fā)展，倡導性別平等的現(xiàn)代文明生育觀；其主要對象是農村獨生子女和女兒家庭及女孩和婦女。 本文根據(jù)24個“關愛女孩行動”國家級試點縣調查的數(shù)據(jù)和訪談資料，采用質性研究方法的扎根理論，建立了中國縣區(qū)級治理出生性別比的政策分析框架。在此基礎上，選擇中部的YC和西部的ZZ目前實施的利益導向政策作為研究對象，從政策制定過程、政策執(zhí)行過程和政策效果三個方面進行比較分析，得出異同點，并試圖找到YC的政策優(yōu)勢以及ZZ的政策不足，并針對西部縣區(qū)出生性別比偏高的問題，提出有效的政策建議。 文章的主要創(chuàng)新點如下：第一，建立了縣區(qū)級出生性別比治理的政策分析框架。本文基于質性訪談和調查問卷的數(shù)據(jù)，采用了扎根理論，并對24個“關愛女孩行動”國家級試點縣區(qū)所實施的政策進行了政策過程的分析，即是從政策制定過程、政策執(zhí)行過程和政策效果三個方面對政策進行分析和闡述，，得出了縣區(qū)級出生性別比治理的政策分析框架。 第二，對中西部縣區(qū)級出生性別比治理的社會政策進行了比較研究。國內的文獻對東部的省份或城市出生性別比治理研究比較多，但對中西部的省份或者城市研究很少，尤其是對中西部不同縣區(qū)的比較更少。本文通過對YC區(qū)和ZZ縣兩個縣區(qū)出生性別比治理的社會政策進行比較分析，即從政策制定過程、政策執(zhí)行過程和政策效果三個方面對政策進行分析和闡述，得出兩個縣區(qū)的優(yōu)勢與不足，為西部出生性別比偏高問題的治理提供理論和實踐方面的借鑒。 文章的主要結論：第一，從政策制定的過程來看，已經(jīng)初步建立起利益導向的社會政策體系，但存在部分條款缺失和表述不清的問題和操作化等問題。 第二，從政策執(zhí)行的過程來看，代表婦女利益的組織以及公民社會組織的參與程度仍然偏低，缺少項目辦和“關愛辦”的合作及領導的支持，未能形成良好的合作機制。在監(jiān)督機制方面比較欠缺，并存在監(jiān)督的操作性不強、監(jiān)督責任不明確等問題。 第三，從政策效果來看，出生性別比一定程度地降低，群眾對優(yōu)惠政策的知曉程度比較低，受扶助的群眾少，婚育觀念沒有發(fā)生根本的改變。
[Abstract]:Chinese since 1980s, appeared the phenomenon of high sex ratio at birth, and increased year by year, in many parts of the sex ratio at birth is much higher than the normal range value of the birth sex ratio limit. If the high sex ratio at birth situation can not be effectively curbed, it will lead to a series of social problems at the same time. Against the survival and development of women. In this context, the national government, researchers and the public on the high sex ratio at birth give a great deal of attention. In order to effectively curb the rising sex ratio at birth and tends to normal, the central and local governments not only from the perspective of policy the development and introduction of various laws and regulations and social policies, and from the perspective of publicity is the use of modern network publicity to guide people to the modern civilization of gender equality of birth Ideas and culture.
In 2003, the national government carried out the "caring for girls", its purpose is to use public policies to guide the higher sex ratio at birth, and maintain the survival and development of women and girls, advocate of modern civilization family gender equality view; its main object is the rural one-child family and daughter and girls and women.
According to the 24 investigation of "caring for girls" national pilot county data and interview data, using grounded theory of qualitative research methods, established Chinese County governance policy born sex ratio analysis framework. On this basis, interest oriented policy implementation of YC in central and Western ZZ present as research the object, from the three aspects of the process of policy making, policy implementation and policy effect were analyzed, and draw similarities and differences, and try to find the YC policy advantages and ZZ policy is insufficient, and the high sex ratio at birth in the western counties, and puts forward effective policy recommendations.
The main innovations of the paper are as follows: first, the establishment of county level sex ratio at birth control policy analysis framework. In this paper, qualitative interviews and questionnaire data based on the grounded theory, and on the 24 of "caring for girls" pilot counties to implement the policy in the policy process analysis, i.e. from the policy making process, analysis and elaboration of policy three aspects of policy implementation and policy effect, the county level sex ratio at birth control policy analysis framework.
Second, the central and western district level birth sex compared with the ratio of governance of social policy. The domestic literature of the eastern part of the province or city of birth sex more than governance research, but for the Midwest provinces or city research is very few, especially compared to less in different counties. The sex ratio at birth control of social policy a comparative analysis of the two counties of YC district and ZZ County, which is from the process of policy making, analyzes and expounds on the policy of the three aspects of policy implementation and policy effect, the two counties of the advantages and disadvantages of western governance problem of the high sex ratio at birth to provide the reference in theory and practice.
The main conclusions of the article are as follows: first, from the perspective of policy making, we have initially established interest oriented social policy system, but there are still some problems such as lack of clauses and unclear issues and operationalized problems.
Second, from the policy implementation process, on behalf of the women, the interests of the organization and participation of civil society organizations is still low, the lack of cooperation and leadership to do project support and care to do ", failed to form a good mechanism of cooperation. In lack of supervision mechanism, and operation supervision is not strong, the problem of supervision responsibility is not clear.
Third, from a policy point of view, sex ratio at birth is reduced to a certain extent, the awareness level of preferential policy is relatively low, to assist the masses, marriage is not fundamentally change.

【學位授予單位】：西安工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：C924.24

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相關期刊論文 前10條

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本文編號：1576282