本文關(guān)鍵詞：應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化的公共政策研究　出處：《河北大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 人口老齡化 公共政策 老年教育政策 生產(chǎn)性老齡化 計(jì)劃生育政策

【摘要】：21世紀(jì)是全球性人口老齡化的世紀(jì)，伴隨著全球性人口老齡化的到來，人口老齡化將會(huì)深刻地影響著人類社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活各個(gè)方面。我國經(jīng)過40多年的計(jì)劃生育和30多年的改革開放，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速，人民生活水平大幅度提高，婦女生育水平大幅度降低，這些是我國人口老齡化程度不斷加深的重要原因。我國人口老齡化具有來勢兇猛、規(guī)模大、與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不同步、老齡化程度在地區(qū)與城鄉(xiāng)之間存在差異及高齡化趨勢明顯的特點(diǎn)。伴隨著人口老齡化進(jìn)程不斷的加快將會(huì)通過對(duì)消費(fèi)、儲(chǔ)蓄率、勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量及勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的影響直接或間接地影響我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，且還會(huì)對(duì)我國養(yǎng)老保障、醫(yī)療保障、養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系、就業(yè)及教育造成一定的影響。 人口老齡化是公共問題，公共問題是公共政策產(chǎn)生的根源，人口老齡化問題涉及范圍廣泛，依靠單一的公共政策并不能很好的解決人口老齡化問題。當(dāng)前我國所實(shí)施的公共政策主要分為政治政策、經(jīng)濟(jì)政策、社會(huì)政策及教科文政策；而我國目前應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化所實(shí)施的公共政策主要涉及養(yǎng)老保障政策、醫(yī)療保障政策及養(yǎng)老服務(wù)政策，這三項(xiàng)政策都屬于社會(huì)政策；經(jīng)濟(jì)政策與教科文政策也有政策應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化，例如：老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)政策、老年教育政策。通過這些政策的實(shí)施，確實(shí)取得了一定的優(yōu)異成績，然而隨著人口老齡化進(jìn)程的加快，這些政策在實(shí)施時(shí)就存在不足之處，而且這些政策本身也存在功能單一、視野偏短、對(duì)象定位不準(zhǔn)、總體效用較低及碎片化明顯不足之處，因此，調(diào)整應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化的公共政策就有研究價(jià)值。 我國應(yīng)通過構(gòu)建多層次社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)體系、加快農(nóng)村新型養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度和機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位的養(yǎng)老保障制度改革、提高社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)資金的統(tǒng)籌水平及提高社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)關(guān)系的便捷性完善養(yǎng)老保障及醫(yī)療保障公共政策；通過中央制定全國總體規(guī)劃，確定建設(shè)目標(biāo)和主要任務(wù)，，制定優(yōu)惠政策，加快建立健全的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系；適當(dāng)調(diào)整計(jì)劃生育政策；樹立正確的老年教育觀念，大力發(fā)展老年教育，通過構(gòu)建終身教育體系，完善教育體系；通過適當(dāng)延長退休年齡及重視老年人才價(jià)值開發(fā)，構(gòu)建“生產(chǎn)性老齡化”；通過改變老年事業(yè)投資模式及制定一些促進(jìn)老年事業(yè)發(fā)展的優(yōu)惠政策大力發(fā)展老年事業(yè)；因此，我國應(yīng)該改進(jìn)公共政策、完善政策本身，再將各項(xiàng)公共政策加以協(xié)調(diào)，解決好人口老齡化問題。
[Abstract]:21th century is the century of global population aging, with the arrival of global population aging. After more than 40 years of family planning and more than 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economic development has been rapid, and the living standards of the people have been greatly improved. The fertility level of women has been greatly reduced, which is an important reason for the deepening of the aging of the population in our country. The aging of the population in our country has a fierce force, large scale and out of step with the economic development. Aging degree in the region and between urban and rural areas and the obvious characteristics of the aging trend. With the population aging process will be accelerated through consumption, savings rate. The influence of labor force quantity and labor productivity will directly or indirectly affect the economic development of our country, and will also have certain influence on our country's old-age security, medical security, old-age service system, employment and education. Population aging is a public problem, public problem is the root of public policy, the problem of population aging involves a wide range. Relying on a single public policy is not a good solution to the problem of population aging. At present, the public policies implemented in China are mainly divided into political policy, economic policy, social policy and UNESCO policy. At present, the public policies to cope with the aging population in China mainly involve the old-age security policy, the medical security policy and the old-age service policy, which are all social policies. Economic policies and UNESCO policies also have policies to deal with the ageing of the population, such as the industrial policy on ageing, the policy of education for the elderly. Through the implementation of these policies, some outstanding achievements have indeed been made. However, with the acceleration of population aging process, these policies in the implementation of deficiencies, and these policies themselves also have a single function, short vision, object positioning. The overall utility is low and fragmentation is obvious. Therefore, it is valuable to adjust the public policies to cope with the aging of the population. China should build a multi-level social endowment insurance system to speed up the reform of the new old-age insurance system in rural areas and the old-age security system of government institutions. Improve the overall level of social insurance funds and improve the convenience of social insurance relationship to improve the old-age security and medical security public policies; Through the central government to formulate a national master plan, determine the construction objectives and main tasks, formulate preferential policies, accelerate the establishment of a sound pension service system; Appropriate adjustment of the family planning policy; To set up the correct concept of education for the elderly, to develop the education for the elderly vigorously, and to perfect the education system by constructing the system of lifelong education; "productive aging" can be constructed by properly prolonging retirement age and paying attention to the value development of the elderly; By changing the investment mode of the elderly and making some preferential policies to promote the development of the elderly, we should vigorously develop the elderly; Therefore, our country should improve the public policy, perfect the policy itself, and then coordinate the various public policies to solve the problem of population aging.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：C924.2;D63

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