【摘要】： 近年來(lái),利用AAO為硬模板的方法來(lái)制備介孔納米纖維吸引了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。介孔納米纖維的高比表面積、大孔容以及一維結(jié)構(gòu)所帶來(lái)的物質(zhì)傳輸?shù)亩坛绦?yīng),為人們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)新產(chǎn)品及傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品的改造提供了新的機(jī)遇。本論文主要研究了介孔碳納米纖維、介孔氧化物纖維以及納米粒子/介孔碳納米纖維的制備與表征。 當(dāng)利用制備二維六方結(jié)構(gòu)FDU-15的前驅(qū)體填充AAO模板孔道時(shí),制備了具有核殼結(jié)構(gòu)的介孔碳納米纖維。核殼間有少量介孔碳壁連結(jié),使核結(jié)構(gòu)保持在殼的中心位置。利用制備立方結(jié)構(gòu)(Ia3d)的FDU-14的前驅(qū)物填充時(shí),得到了另一種具有核殼結(jié)構(gòu)的介孔碳納米纖維。該納米纖維核殼間沒(méi)有介孔碳壁連結(jié),核結(jié)構(gòu)隨機(jī)偏向殼的某一側(cè)。核結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部具有較大的介孔結(jié)構(gòu)。利用立方結(jié)構(gòu)(Im3m)的FDU-16的前驅(qū)體分別填充直徑為200、90、25 nm的AAO模板,得到了具有大尺寸孔道的介孔碳納米纖維,其中在直徑為25 nm的AAO模板得到的介孔碳納米纖維內(nèi)部呈現(xiàn)單個(gè)介孔一維排列的現(xiàn)象。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)AAO模板孔徑與介孔碳納米纖維的介孔孔徑存在非線性反比關(guān)系。并研究了高溫碳化(900℃)對(duì)介孔碳納米纖維形貌的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)介孔碳納米纖維外殼發(fā)生破裂,在超聲條件下可以完全去除外殼,得到暴露介孔孔道的介孔碳納米纖維。 以制備的介孔碳納米纖維為載體利用微波還原法負(fù)載鉑納米粒子來(lái)制備甲醇燃料電池的電極,鉑納米粒子均勻的分散在介孔碳納米纖維上,電化學(xué)測(cè)試表明其相對(duì)于商業(yè)碳材料具有較好的催化性能。 在制備介孔碳納米纖維的前驅(qū)物中加入氯化釕,利用一步法得到了在碳壁內(nèi)鑲嵌有釕納米粒子的介孔碳納米纖維,釕納米粒子鑲嵌在介孔碳壁內(nèi),粒徑較小,且具有較好的結(jié)晶。在氯化鈉為引導(dǎo)劑的情況下,利用溶膠-凝膠法制備了具有平行于AAO模板管道的具有二維六方結(jié)構(gòu)的介孔氧化硅納米纖維,介孔孔徑約為10 nm。同樣利用溶膠-凝膠法制備了具有無(wú)序介孔結(jié)構(gòu)的氧化鈦、氧化錫以及氧化鈰介孔納米纖維,其中氧化鈦和氧化錫介孔納米纖維具有良好的纖維結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the preparation of mesoporous nanofibers using AAO as hard template has attracted much attention. The high specific surface area, large pore volume and short range effect of material transport due to the one-dimensional structure of mesoporous nanofibers provide a new opportunity for the design of new products and the transformation of traditional products. In this paper, the preparation and characterization of mesoporous carbon nanofibers, mesoporous oxide fibers and nanoparticles / mesoporous carbon nanofibers were studied. Mesoporous carbon nanofibers with core-shell structure were prepared by filling the pore channels of AAO template with the precursor of two-dimensional hexagonal structure FDU-15. A few mesoporous carbon walls are connected between the core-shell to keep the core structure at the center of the shell. Another kind of mesoporous carbon nanofibers with core-shell structure was obtained by filling the precursor of FDU-14 with cubic structure (Ia3d). There is no mesoporous carbon wall connection between the core and shell of the nanofiber, and the nuclear structure is randomly inclined to one side of the shell. There is a large mesoporous structure inside the nuclear structure. The mesoporous carbon nanofibers with large pore channels were prepared by filling the AAO template with diameter of 200,90,25 nm with the precursor of FDU-16 with cubic structure (Im3m). One dimensional arrangement of mesoporous carbon nanofibers was observed in the mesoporous carbon nanofibers with a diameter of 25 nm AAO template. It is found that the AAO template pore size is inversely proportional to the mesoporous pore size of mesoporous carbon nanofibers. The effect of high temperature carbonization (900 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2422234