【摘要】：在英美法系國家,許多財產(chǎn)關(guān)系、商業(yè)交易活動或者公益事業(yè)都以信托方式為之。信托具有信托財產(chǎn)獨(dú)立性,責(zé)任的有限性以及作為財產(chǎn)管理聯(lián)系性等諸多內(nèi)在制度優(yōu)勢。廣泛運(yùn)用于商事領(lǐng)域,主要用于資金融通、資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換或商業(yè)運(yùn)營等功能的制度設(shè)計上,在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中發(fā)揮日益重要的作用。然大陸法系絕對所有權(quán)民法體系,與信托制度“二元所有權(quán)”理念格格不入,這種發(fā)源于英美法系獨(dú)特法律構(gòu)造的制度也使得大陸法系移植和繼受這種制度困難重重。故大陸法系遲遲未能引進(jìn)該制度或者即使引進(jìn)制度,也存在諸多法律問題阻礙該制度順利融入整個法律體系,對商事信托,更是缺乏理論研究。有鑒于此,加強(qiáng)信托制度的理論研究對該制度的引進(jìn)和吸收至關(guān)重要。 我國目前信托業(yè)的發(fā)展遠(yuǎn)落后于銀行、證券、保險等金融行業(yè),期間又經(jīng)歷信托業(yè)的五次整頓和洗牌,使得原來就孱弱的信托業(yè)面臨著何去何從的尷尬境地。但是另一方面信托制度在金融領(lǐng)域中的運(yùn)用,諸如除信托公司開發(fā)的各種信托產(chǎn)品外,證券公司的理財產(chǎn)品、銀行的個人理財和私人銀行業(yè)務(wù)、還是保險公司的投資連接性產(chǎn)品實(shí)際上都運(yùn)用了信托的原理,采取了信托的法律構(gòu)造,信托制度已經(jīng)滲入到金融業(yè)的各方面。而這些非信托機(jī)構(gòu)從事的信托產(chǎn)品由于金融行業(yè)分業(yè)經(jīng)營、分業(yè)監(jiān)管的金融體制的影響分別適用不同的法律、監(jiān)管方式,造成了信托機(jī)構(gòu)與這些非信托機(jī)構(gòu)之間的之間不公平競爭和監(jiān)管真空,這些現(xiàn)象的存在無不對商事信托市場的運(yùn)行和建立造成了諸多負(fù)面影響。究其原因主要是我國在引進(jìn)信托制度時對信托概念、功能定位不當(dāng),對理論缺乏深入的研究,適用研究僵硬,盲目將置于民法固有體系,而忽視其生長的特有背景和土壤,因此產(chǎn)生無法妥善化解的矛盾。 本文主要是從信托的本質(zhì)和商事信托的基本原理入手,以目前商事信托市場信托法與其他金融業(yè)在立法、監(jiān)管、司法審判方面沖突為視角,總結(jié)要建立統(tǒng)一完善的信托業(yè)市場,需建立《信托業(yè)法》及相關(guān)法律配套制度,對完善信托法律體系,促進(jìn)商事信托發(fā)展的具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:In common law countries, many property relations, commercial transactions or public welfare undertakings are conducted in trust. Trust has many inherent institutional advantages, such as the independence of trust property, the limitation of responsibility and the connection of property management. It is widely used in the commercial field, mainly used in the system design of fund financing, assets conversion or commercial operation, and plays an increasingly important role in economic life. However, the civil law system of absolute ownership in the continental law system is incompatible with the concept of dualistic ownership in the trust system. This system, which originated in the unique legal structure of the common law system, also makes it difficult to transplant and continue the civil law system. Therefore, there are many legal problems preventing the system from being integrated into the whole legal system, even if the civil law system fails to introduce the system, and there is a lack of theoretical research on commercial trust. In view of this, strengthening the theoretical research of trust system is very important to the introduction and absorption of this system. At present, the development of trust industry in our country lags far behind the banking, securities, insurance and other financial industries. During this period, the trust industry has been rectified and reshuffled five times, which makes the original weak trust industry face an awkward situation of where to go. But on the other hand, the application of trust system in the field of finance, such as the financial products of securities companies, the personal finance of banks and the private banking business, in addition to the various trust products developed by trust companies, In fact, the investment connective products of insurance companies have used the principle of trust and adopted the legal structure of trust, and the trust system has infiltrated into all aspects of the financial industry. And the trust products engaged in by these non-trust institutions are affected by different laws and regulatory methods due to the separate operation of the financial industry. It has caused unfair competition and regulatory vacuum between the trust institutions and these non-trust institutions. The existence of these phenomena has caused a lot of negative effects on the operation and establishment of the commercial trust market. The main reason is that the concept of trust is not properly defined in the introduction of trust system in our country, the lack of in-depth research on theory, the rigidity of applicable research, blindly placed in the inherent system of civil law, and neglect of its unique background and soil. As a result, there are contradictions that cannot be properly resolved. This paper starts with the essence of trust and the basic principle of commercial trust, and from the angle of view of the conflicts between the trust law of commercial trust market and other financial industry in legislation, supervision and judicial trial, summarizes the need to establish a unified and perfect trust industry market. It is necessary to establish the Trust Industry Law and related legal supporting system, which is of great significance for perfecting the trust legal system and promoting the development of commercial trust.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.282

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