發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-16 11:38

【摘要】：拿破侖·波拿巴(Napoléon·Bonaparte)是18世紀(jì)末法國(guó)偉大的政治家和軍事家,早年積極投身于資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命,從1799年開(kāi)始統(tǒng)治法國(guó)十五年。拿破侖在法國(guó)建立起系統(tǒng)的法律體系,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)制定并頒布實(shí)施了《法國(guó)民法典》、《法國(guó)商法典》、《法國(guó)刑事訴訟法》等一系列成文法典,并將這些法律制度和法律觀念推廣到歐洲被占領(lǐng)國(guó)家,開(kāi)創(chuàng)了大陸成文法系的新紀(jì)元;拿破侖主張依法治國(guó),倡導(dǎo)法律的實(shí)用性和通俗化,從而為普及人民大眾的法律意識(shí)做出了積極貢獻(xiàn);他將宗教納入國(guó)家的法律體系,極好地發(fā)揮了宗教在國(guó)家統(tǒng)治中的教育和精神統(tǒng)治功能,促進(jìn)了民族的團(tuán)結(jié)和融合;他積極實(shí)施行政改革,簡(jiǎn)化立法程序,精簡(jiǎn)行政機(jī)構(gòu),大大縮減了政府的行政管理體系;他改革稅制,推行大陸經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖制度,實(shí)行書(shū)報(bào)檢查制度,在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域?qū)嵤┮婪ㄖ卫?促進(jìn)法國(guó)資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展。拿破侖以務(wù)實(shí)的態(tài)度和果斷的性格開(kāi)創(chuàng)了法國(guó)和世界法制史大陸法系的新紀(jì)元。近年來(lái),對(duì)于拿破侖的法學(xué)研究已經(jīng)逐漸由民法典的局限開(kāi)始向法學(xué)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域滲透,從法律史的角度對(duì)拿破侖的法律思想與法治實(shí)踐進(jìn)行探究,對(duì)于當(dāng)下我國(guó)構(gòu)建法治社會(huì)和推動(dòng)民族團(tuán)結(jié)具有很現(xiàn)實(shí)的借鑒意義。本文著力結(jié)合時(shí)代背景,從法制史的角度出發(fā),選取拿破侖的法律思想與法治實(shí)踐作為研究對(duì)象,采用歷史分析和實(shí)證分析相結(jié)合的方法,通過(guò)對(duì)拿破侖法律思想產(chǎn)生的成因、法治實(shí)踐的舉措、法治實(shí)踐的成就進(jìn)行論述,以期從中得出對(duì)我國(guó)法治國(guó)家建設(shè)的積極借鑒意義。 在對(duì)拿破侖的相關(guān)書(shū)信、文件資料進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究分析的前提下,本文著力從以下幾個(gè)部分展開(kāi)論述: 引言部分介紹了拿破侖法治實(shí)踐的成就、相關(guān)領(lǐng)域研究現(xiàn)狀、研究的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 論文正文的第一部分總結(jié)了拿破侖的法律思想,主要包括立法為治國(guó)之根本的法律思想、人才為法治之靈魂的法律思想、“法律就是需要”的實(shí)用主義法律思想以及拿破侖關(guān)于宗教的思想。這些法律思想都是貫穿在拿破侖治國(guó)理念中的指導(dǎo)思想,通過(guò)對(duì)他的文選、書(shū)信、日記進(jìn)行梳理,并結(jié)合他法治工作實(shí)踐,提煉出他的法律思想,以期能對(duì)我國(guó)的法治實(shí)踐產(chǎn)生現(xiàn)實(shí)的借鑒意義。 第二部分論述了拿破侖法治實(shí)踐產(chǎn)生的歷史背景,分別從拿破侖生平、資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命、資本主義生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的建立、法國(guó)分散的法律體系和自然法學(xué)及啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的思想五個(gè)大方面闡述其法治實(shí)踐產(chǎn)生的歷史背景,重點(diǎn)剖析資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命的時(shí)代背景和自然法思想、啟蒙思想對(duì)拿破侖的影響,以期發(fā)現(xiàn)拿破侖法律思想和法治實(shí)踐產(chǎn)生的根源。 第三部分介紹了拿破侖的法治實(shí)踐。拿破侖重視立法工作,上臺(tái)后就在憲法和民法領(lǐng)域?qū)嵤┝⒎?并相繼頒布實(shí)施了多部法典,最重要的就是拿破侖在憲政領(lǐng)域?qū)嵤┓ㄖ胃母?分配立法、行政、司法權(quán)力;《法國(guó)民法典》的頒布實(shí)施;實(shí)施司法改革,規(guī)定法官終身制,確保司法獨(dú)立性;在經(jīng)濟(jì)、書(shū)報(bào)檢查等方面實(shí)施法治實(shí)踐。拿破侖實(shí)施的一系列法治實(shí)踐,促進(jìn)了法國(guó)法治的近代化進(jìn)程,書(shū)寫(xiě)了世界法制史上重要的一頁(yè)。 第四部分評(píng)價(jià)拿破侖法律思想與法治實(shí)踐產(chǎn)生的影響和借鑒意義。拿破侖統(tǒng)一了法國(guó)的法律體系,開(kāi)創(chuàng)了大陸法系新紀(jì)元,建立了資本主義法治的新模式,在法國(guó)乃至世界法制史上具有重要?dú)v史地位,這對(duì)我國(guó)當(dāng)下法治社會(huì)的構(gòu)建和權(quán)力制約機(jī)制具有借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Napol on Bonaparte was a great French politician and military strategist at the end of the 18th century. He took an active part in the bourgeois revolution in his early years and ruled France for fifteen years from 1799. Napoleon established a systematic legal system in France and led the formulation and implementation of the French Civil Code, the French Commercial Code and the French Criminal Code. Napoleon advocated the rule of law, advocated the practicality and popularization of law, and thus made a positive contribution to popularizing the people's legal consciousness; he brought religion into the country; and he brought religion into the country. The legal system has played an excellent role in the education and spiritual rule of religion under state rule, and promoted national unity and integration; he has actively carried out administrative reforms, simplified legislative procedures, streamlined administrative organs, and greatly reduced the government's administrative system; he has reformed the tax system, implemented the mainland economic blockade system, and implemented the inspection of books and newspapers In recent years, the study of Napoleon's jurisprudence has gradually infiltrated into all fields of law from the limitations of the civil code. From the perspective of legal history, it is of great practical significance to explore Napoleon's legal thought and practice in order to construct a society ruled by law and promote national unity. Combining historical analysis with empirical analysis, this paper discusses the causes of Napoleon's legal thought, the measures of legal practice and the achievements of legal practice, hoping to draw a positive reference for the construction of our country under the rule of law.
On the premise of systematic analysis of Napoleon's related letters and documents, this paper focuses on the following parts:
The introduction introduces the achievements of Napoleon's rule of law practice, the research status in related fields, the theoretical and practical significance of the study.
The first part of the thesis summarizes Napoleon's legal thought, which mainly includes the legal thought that legislation is the basis of ruling the country, the legal thought that talent is the soul of ruling the country by law, the pragmatism legal thought that law is the need and Napoleon's religious thought. The guiding ideology, combing through his literary anthology, letters and diaries, and combining with his work practice of rule of law, refines his legal thought, in order to have practical reference significance to our country's practice of rule of law.
The second part expounds the historical background of Napoleon's practice of rule of law from five aspects: Napoleon's life, bourgeois revolution, the establishment of capitalist relations of production, France's decentralized legal system, natural law and the thought of the Enlightenment Movement, and focuses on the analysis of bourgeois revolution. The background of the times, the thought of natural law and the thought of enlightenment influenced Napoleon in order to find out the origin of Napoleon's thought of law and the practice of rule of law.
The third part introduces Napoleon's practice of the rule of law.Napoleon attached importance to the legislative work.After he came to power,he carried out legislation in the field of constitution and civil law,and promulgated and implemented many codes successively.The most important thing is that Napoleon carried out the reform of the rule of law in the field of constitutionalism,allocated legislative,administrative and judicial powers. Napoleon carried out a series of legal practices, which promoted the modernization of French rule of law and wrote an important page in the history of world legal system.
The fourth part evaluates the influence and significance of Napoleon's legal thought and practice of the rule of law.Napoleon unified the French legal system, created a new era of the continental legal system, established a new model of the rule of law by capitalism, and had an important historical position in the history of the legal system in France and even in the world. Force control mechanism has reference significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D956.5;D909.565

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