【摘要】：民主,作為一種有賴于政治家和哲學(xué)家加以理論化的價(jià)值和理想。政治民主,作為各國(guó)政治發(fā)展的目標(biāo),一直有賴于人民在實(shí)踐中加以采納和施行的制度設(shè)計(jì)。 作為中華人民共和國(guó)的領(lǐng)袖,毛澤東一生都在致力于人民民主事業(yè)。毛澤東的民主政治思想在毛澤東的全部思想中占有非常突出的地位。他始終堅(jiān)持把馬克思列寧主義的基本原理同中國(guó)革命實(shí)踐相結(jié)合,創(chuàng)造性地解決了適合中國(guó)革命實(shí)際的“爭(zhēng)得民主”的新道路,在革命年代積累了根據(jù)地民主政權(quán)建設(shè)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),開創(chuàng)了人民民主專政理論。新中國(guó)成立后,成立了人民民主專政的共和國(guó),建立了人民代表大會(huì)制度,共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作政治協(xié)商制度。在少數(shù)民族聚居地實(shí)行民族區(qū)域自治制度。初步展現(xiàn)了社會(huì)主義民主政治的優(yōu)越性。當(dāng)然,在毛澤東晚年時(shí)期,由于對(duì)我國(guó)政治形勢(shì)的認(rèn)識(shí)出現(xiàn)了偏差,導(dǎo)致他在民主問題上出現(xiàn)了失誤。歷史往往是錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的,對(duì)毛澤東的認(rèn)識(shí)也不能簡(jiǎn)單化。本文從尊重歷史出發(fā),追溯毛澤東民主政治問題上的認(rèn)識(shí)、發(fā)展、變化的思想軌跡,客觀評(píng)價(jià)毛澤東的功過。通過對(duì)毛澤東的民主政治思想史的考察,即人民民主專政理論發(fā)展的基本線索：民眾共和國(guó)——工農(nóng)民主共和國(guó)——人民共和國(guó)——民主共和國(guó)——新民主主義共和國(guó)——人民民主專政——人民民主專政民主化、法制化、制度化的建設(shè),從這樣一個(gè)邏輯順序的演進(jìn),來重構(gòu)人民民主思想的邏輯脈絡(luò)。并運(yùn)用歷史唯物主義,深刻把握其中關(guān)于人民民主、基層民主、民主集中制、協(xié)商民主的思想精華,為我國(guó)新時(shí)期政治體制改革提供理論背景與思想境界,對(duì)于我們正視中國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)、正確理解中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的民主政治思想,進(jìn)一步深化政治體制改革,努力建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義民主政治,將具有非常重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:Democracy, as a value and ideal that depends on the theorization of politicians and philosophers. Political democracy, as the goal of national political development, always depends on the system design adopted and implemented by the people in practice. As the leader of the people's Republic of China, Mao Zedong devoted his life to the cause of people's democracy. Mao Zedong's democratic political thought occupies a very prominent position in all the thoughts of Mao Zedong. He always insisted on combining the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism with the practice of the Chinese revolution, creatively solved the new road of "striving for democracy" suited to the reality of the Chinese revolution, and accumulated experience in building democratic regimes in the base areas during the revolutionary period. Founded the theory of people's democratic dictatorship. After the founding of New China, the people's Democratic dictatorship was established, the people's Congress system and the multi-party cooperative political consultation system led by the Communist Party. The system of regional national autonomy shall be implemented in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities. The superiority of socialist democratic politics has been preliminarily demonstrated. Of course, in Mao Zedong's later years, he made mistakes in democracy because of the deviation of his understanding of the political situation in our country. History is often complicated, and the understanding of Mao Zedong cannot be simplified. Starting from respecting history, this paper traces the ideological track of understanding, development and change of Mao Zedong democratic politics, and evaluates objectively the merits and demerits of Mao Zedong. Through the investigation of Mao Zedong's history of democratic political thought, That is, the basic clue of the development of the theory of people's democratic dictatorship: the Democratic Republic of the people's Republic-the Democratic Republic of Workers and Peasants-the people's Republic-the New Democratic Republic-the democratization of the people's Democratic dictatorship, The construction of legalization and institutionalization reconstructs the logical thread of people's democratic thought from the evolution of such a logical sequence. And use historical materialism, deeply grasp the ideological essence of people's democracy, grass-roots democracy, democratic centralism and consultative democracy, and provide the theoretical background and ideological realm for the political system reform of our country in the new period. For us to face up to the reality of China, correctly understand the democratic political ideology of socialism with Chinese characteristics, further deepen the reform of the political system, and strive to build socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, Will have very important theoretical and practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：A841;D621

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