【摘要】：黨的十七大報(bào)告在部署社會(huì)主義政治建設(shè)時(shí),把發(fā)展基層民主、保障人民享有更多更切實(shí)的民主權(quán)利作為發(fā)展社會(huì)主義民主政治的基礎(chǔ)性工程重點(diǎn)推進(jìn),發(fā)展基層民主與實(shí)現(xiàn)公民權(quán)利也因此成為諸多專家和學(xué)者日益關(guān)注的課題。公民權(quán)利作為發(fā)展基層民主的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容,它的實(shí)現(xiàn)離不開權(quán)利授予、權(quán)利主張和權(quán)利保障及救濟(jì)等過程,其中公民對(duì)權(quán)利的主動(dòng)表達(dá)及主張是實(shí)現(xiàn)公民權(quán)利的重要一環(huán)。 隨著現(xiàn)代法治社會(huì)的逐漸建立,我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民正在或已經(jīng)發(fā)生這樣一種變化：在維護(hù)自我利益和尋求生存發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)方面擁有更多樣化的路徑選擇,個(gè)體自主意識(shí)和權(quán)利觀念在逐漸增強(qiáng),權(quán)利表達(dá)和維權(quán)行動(dòng)愈來愈多元化,居民正逐漸發(fā)展成為公民,其權(quán)利主張也逐步生長(zhǎng)起來。怎樣從理論層面分析、解釋這些現(xiàn)象,把握公民權(quán)利主張的深層次運(yùn)作邏輯并分析研究其存在的問題,以更好的促進(jìn)基層民主發(fā)展是本論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容。 公民權(quán)利從文本到實(shí)踐的過程,往往并不完全遵循國(guó)家法律制度制定者的導(dǎo)向,即這些法律制度可以完全滿足公民并使其采取正當(dāng)行動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)公民權(quán)的預(yù)想。公民權(quán)利的實(shí)現(xiàn)受到兩方面因素的影響,一方面是權(quán)利的主體——公民面對(duì)制度賦予的權(quán)利時(shí)的行為選擇；另一方面在于制度賦予的公民權(quán)利與基層實(shí)際的契合度,法律制度文本在遭遇基層實(shí)際時(shí),會(huì)以其特有的邏輯展開。本論文將結(jié)合文本資料和基層實(shí)際,通過分析權(quán)利主張中的權(quán)利意識(shí)和行為表達(dá),考察公民權(quán)利主張的生成邏輯及現(xiàn)狀；結(jié)合法律制度和基層實(shí)踐,探討基層民主發(fā)展過程中公民權(quán)利主張的實(shí)踐及狀態(tài)；結(jié)合案例研究進(jìn)一步考察我國(guó)公民經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的權(quán)利主張困境——無表達(dá)的權(quán)利意識(shí)、無意識(shí)的權(quán)利表達(dá)及無意識(shí)無表達(dá)等問題并分析其原因,以公民權(quán)利主張促進(jìn)基層民主發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the report of the 17th National Congress of the CPC on the deployment of socialist political construction, it put the development of grass-roots democracy and ensuring the people's enjoyment of more and more practical democratic rights as the key points of the basic project for developing socialist democratic politics. Therefore, the development of grass-roots democracy and the realization of civil rights have become increasingly concerned by many experts and scholars. As an important part of the development of grass-roots democracy, the realization of civil rights is inseparable from the process of right conferment, right claim, right guarantee and relief, among which citizens' active expression and claim of right is an important part of realizing citizen's right. With the gradual establishment of the modern society of rule of law, the urban and rural residents of our country are undergoing or have undergone such a change: they have more diversified path choices in safeguarding their own interests and seeking opportunities for survival and development. The individual consciousness of autonomy and the concept of rights are gradually strengthened, the expression of rights and the action of safeguarding rights are becoming more and more diversified, the residents are gradually developing into citizens, and their claims of rights are also gradually growing up. How to analyze and explain these phenomena from the theoretical level, grasp the deep operating logic of civil rights claims and analyze the existing problems, in order to better promote the development of grass-roots democracy is the main research content of this paper. The process of civil rights from text to practice often does not completely follow the guidance of the national legal system, that is, these legal systems can completely satisfy citizens and make them take proper action to realize the expectation of citizenship. The realization of civil rights is affected by two factors: on the one hand, the subject of right-the behavior choice of citizens in the face of the rights conferred by the system; on the other hand, the degree of conformity between the civil rights conferred by the system and the actual situation at the grass-roots level. The text of the legal system will develop with its unique logic when it encounters the actual situation at the grassroots level. In this paper, the author will analyze the sense of right and the expression of behavior in the claim of rights by combining the text and the reality of the basic level, to investigate the logic of the formation and the present situation of the claim of civil rights, the combination of the legal system and the practice at the grass-roots level. This paper probes into the practice and state of citizens' claim of rights in the course of the development of grass-roots democracy, and further studies the dilemma of claim of rights, which is often appeared by Chinese citizens, in the light of the case study, that is, the consciousness of unexpressed rights. The problems of unconscious right expression and unconscious no expression are analyzed and the civil rights claim is used to promote the development of democracy at the grass-roots level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D621

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