發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-06 14:46

  本文選題：反向抵押 + 養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)��； 參考：《江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：人口老齡化是全人類面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn),隨著人口老齡化進(jìn)程的加快,我國社會老年人口撫養(yǎng)比重日益加劇,政府財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)沉重,我國現(xiàn)行以政府為主導(dǎo)的養(yǎng)老模式難以實(shí)現(xiàn)全方位、全覆蓋的社會養(yǎng)老。為加快發(fā)展養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè),2013年國務(wù)院明確要求進(jìn)行住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)。在《關(guān)于2016年深化經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革重點(diǎn)工作的意見》中,我國再次明確提出要加快養(yǎng)老服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn),并設(shè)立了北京、上海、廣州、武漢等試點(diǎn)城市。住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基于以房養(yǎng)老理念,允許符合年齡要求且擁有完整房產(chǎn)的老年人將其房產(chǎn)抵押給保險(xiǎn)公司,并按照合同約定領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金直至去世,在房產(chǎn)抵押期間投保人繼續(xù)保有房屋使用權(quán)。我國的住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)主要借鑒于國外的住房反向抵押貸款制度,在一些發(fā)達(dá)國家這是一項(xiàng)發(fā)展已相對成熟的金融產(chǎn)品,更被實(shí)踐證明是一種有效的輔助養(yǎng)老方式,其最大的特點(diǎn)是老年人在生前仍保有對被抵押房屋的居住權(quán),既能確保老有所養(yǎng),又能實(shí)現(xiàn)居者有其屋。住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的引進(jìn),有利于拓寬我國籌資渠道,充分整合社會資源,合社會之力,建立更加公平、可持續(xù)的社會保障制度。縱觀國際社會保障制度的演變歷程,引入市場機(jī)制,轉(zhuǎn)變以再分配為主的養(yǎng)老保障制度,采用資本化的現(xiàn)代社會保障制度已是大勢所趨。首先,資源配置理論、產(chǎn)權(quán)分割與資產(chǎn)流動性理論等相關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論,生命周期理論、家庭財(cái)富代際傳遞理論等社會學(xué)理論,法學(xué)上的抵押理論均為我國住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)提供了理論上的支持。其次,綜合我國城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障體系現(xiàn)狀來看,養(yǎng)老體系結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,過分依賴以政府為主導(dǎo)的基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn),企業(yè)年金和個(gè)人儲蓄養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)沒有充分發(fā)揮其補(bǔ)充作用,政府養(yǎng)老責(zé)任沉重;基本養(yǎng)老保障制度覆蓋面狹窄,農(nóng)村長期處于社會保障的邊緣,土地養(yǎng)老功能弱化;相比飛漲的物價(jià),養(yǎng)老保障水平低等問題都是我國深化養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)改革的必然要求。再者,居民自有住房率的大幅提升,房產(chǎn)稅的開征,傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)兒防老觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變,均為我國住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的開展創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)良好的社會環(huán)境。住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)作為舶來品,在借鑒國外發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)之余,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這一制度要在我國的法治土壤上生根發(fā)芽還存在一些障礙,如土地所有權(quán)制度的制約、《保險(xiǎn)法》等相關(guān)配套法律的滯后性、金融業(yè)分業(yè)經(jīng)營、分業(yè)監(jiān)管限制、政府扶持政策不明確、監(jiān)管制度缺失等。因此,要推進(jìn)我國養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)體系改革,創(chuàng)新養(yǎng)老模式,必須培育優(yōu)良的法制土壤,營造良好的政策環(huán)境。一方面,住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)作為土地、住房和養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的結(jié)合,我國必須突破城鎮(zhèn)住宅建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)年限限制,放寬集體建設(shè)用地流轉(zhuǎn)限制,完善保險(xiǎn)法、金融法等相關(guān)法律規(guī)定;另一方面,作為我國一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新型金融工具,住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)需突破目前金融業(yè)嚴(yán)格的分業(yè)經(jīng)營體制,將金融、保險(xiǎn)、投資證券等不同金融工具與手段緊密連接,實(shí)現(xiàn)銀證保一體化,推動資產(chǎn)證券化的發(fā)展;同時(shí),住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)兼具商業(yè)性與社會福利性,需加大政策扶持力度,完善監(jiān)管制度,如建立完善的市場準(zhǔn)入和退出制度、設(shè)置獨(dú)立的非盈利咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)、建立專業(yè)咨詢制度、建立政府擔(dān)保機(jī)制等激勵制度、完善信息披露制度、構(gòu)建社會征信體系等。
[Abstract]:The aging of the population is the common challenge facing all human beings. With the acceleration of the aging process of the population, the proportion of the elderly in our society is increasing and the financial burden of the government is heavy. The current government led old-age mode in our country is difficult to realize all directions and full coverage of the social endowment. In order to accelerate the development of the service industry of the aged, the State Council of the State Council in 2013. In the opinion of the key work of deepening the reform of the economic system in 2016, our country clearly proposed to accelerate the development of the old-age service industry and further promote the housing reverse mortgage pension insurance pilot, and set up a pilot city in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Wuhan. Based on the concept of housing pension and allowing the elderly to meet the age requirements and have complete property, the old people will mortgage their property to the insurance company, and receive the pension according to the contract until the death, and the insured will continue to maintain the right to use the house in the period of the mortgage. The foreign housing reverse mortgage loan system is a relatively mature financial product in some developed countries. It has been proved to be an effective supplementary old-age mode. The biggest feature is that the elderly still retain the right to live in the mortgaged house in their life, which can ensure both the old and the house. The introduction of housing reverse mortgage pension insurance is conducive to widening our financing channels, fully integrating social resources, combining social resources, establishing a more fair and sustainable social security system. A review of the evolution of the international social security system, the introduction of market mechanisms, and the transformation of redistribution based old-age security system, and the adoption of capitalization. The generation of social security system is the trend of the times. First, the theory of resource allocation, the theory of property right division and the theory of asset liquidity, the theory of life cycle, the theory of family wealth intergenerational transmission, and so on. The mortgage theory in law has provided theoretical support for the housing reverse mortgage pension insurance in our country. In view of the status quo of the old-age security system in urban and rural areas in China, the structure of the pension system is unreasonable, the basic old-age insurance is overly dependent on the government, and the pension insurance of the enterprise annuity and the personal savings endowment insurance has not fully played its supplementary role, the responsibility of the government is heavy, the coverage of the basic old-age security system is narrow, and the rural social security is in a long period of time. Edge, the pension function of land is weakening; compared with soaring prices, the low level of old-age security is the inevitable requirement for our country to deepen the reform of pension insurance. A good social environment. As a foreign goods, the housing reverse mortgage pension insurance is imported from foreign countries. It is not difficult to find that there are still some obstacles for the system to take root in the rule of law in China, such as the restriction of the land ownership system, the lagging law of the insurance law and other related laws, the separate operation of the financial industry and the division of business. In order to promote the reform of the old-age insurance system and innovate the old-age pension model, we must cultivate a good soil of the legal system and create a good policy environment. On the one hand, the combination of housing reverse mortgage pension insurance and the combination of housing and pension insurance must break through the cities and towns in China. The limit of the right to use the land for residential construction, the relaxation of the restrictions on the circulation of collective construction land, and the improvement of the relevant legal provisions of the insurance law and financial law. On the other hand, as an innovative financial tool in China, the housing reverse mortgage pension insurance needs to break through the strict division operation system of the current financial industry, and make the financial, insurance, and investment securities different. The financial instruments and means are closely connected to realize the integration of banking and insurance and promote the development of asset securitization. At the same time, the housing reverse mortgage pension insurance has both commercial and social welfare. It is necessary to strengthen the policy support and improve the regulatory system, such as establishing a perfect market access and exit system, setting up an independent non-profit advisory body and setting up an independent non-profit advisory body. The professional consultation system, the establishment of the government guarantee mechanism and other incentive systems, the improvement of information disclosure system, and the establishment of social credit system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.284

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