本文選題：鋁熱法 + 硼��； 參考：《蘭州理工大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文綜述了純硼、純釩、純鋯的性能與應用、制備方法、研究進展。通過實驗研究了不同工藝對鋁熱反應熔化法制備純硼、純釩、純鋯純度和收得率的影響規(guī)律�？偨Y起來可歸納為以下幾條: 1.在鋁熱法制備純硼的試驗中,發(fā)熱劑氯酸鉀的添加能夠有效的提高純硼中硼的含量,在氯酸鉀添加量為10wt.%時,純硼中硼的質量分數(shù)最低為36.36%,在氯酸鉀添加量為25 wt.%時,純硼中硼的質量分數(shù)最高為94.38%,純硼中硼的質量分數(shù)隨著氯酸鉀添加量的增多而增加。在氯酸鉀添加量超過15 wt.%后,純硼中硼的質量分數(shù)增加速率逐漸變緩。在氯酸鉀添加量為20 wt.%的情況下,當反應物配比中鋁欠量2 wt.%的時,純硼中硼的的質量分數(shù)最高為95.08%,此時純硼中鋁的質量分數(shù)最低為4.92%。配比中鋁的過量降低純硼中硼的純度。在氯酸鉀添加量為20 wt.%,反應物配比鋁欠量2 wt.%的情況下,鋁熱法制備純硼擁有較高的純度和較低的生產(chǎn)成本。 2.在鋁熱反應熔化法制備純釩的試驗中,制備的純釩中釩的質量分數(shù)最高為98.45%,最低為87.17%,在鋁欠量5 wt.%的時候,釩的質量分數(shù)最高,純釩中鋁的質量分數(shù)最高為12.83%,最低為1.55%,在鋁欠量5 wt.%的時候,鋁的質量分數(shù)最低,在鋁過量15 wt.%的時候,鋁的質量分數(shù)最高。在鋁欠量10 wt.%時,釩的收得率最低為74.1%,隨反應物中鋁含量的增加,釩的收得率增加,在鋁過量15 wt.%時收得率達到最大值92.4%。純釩的布氏硬度在鋁欠量5 wt.%的時候最小,布氏硬度隨著試樣中鋁的含量增加而增加,在反應物配比鋁過量15 wt.%時有最大值。布氏硬度的變化隨釩的純度而變化。在反應物配比鋁欠量5 wt.%時,制備的純釩不僅擁有較高的釩含量,而且具有較高的收得率,具有較好的經(jīng)濟效益。 3.在鋁熱法制備純鋯的試驗中,在氯酸鉀添加量為20 wt.%的情況下,當反應物配比中鋁欠量5 wt.%時,制備的純鋯中鋯的質量分數(shù)最高為58.88%,在反應物配比中鋁過量10 wt.%時鋯的質量分數(shù)最低為51.21%。純鋯中鋁的質量分數(shù)隨著反應物配比中鋁的增加而增加,在鋁欠量10 wt.%的時候,純鋯中鋁的質量分數(shù)最低為39.33%,在鋁過量10%的時候,純鋯中鋁的質量分數(shù)最高為43.94%。純鋯中氧的質量分數(shù)在鋁欠量5 wt.%時最低為0.52%,在鋁過量5 wt.%時,純鋯中氧的質量分數(shù)最高為5.99%。在鋁欠量10 wt.%時,鋯的收得率最低為22.4%,鋯的收得率隨反應物配比中鋁含量的增加而增加,在鋁過量10 wt.%時達到最大值25.3%。在本試驗條件下,純鋯中鋯的質量分數(shù)和收得率偏低,工藝還需完善。
[Abstract]:The properties, applications, preparation methods and research progress of pure boron, vanadium and zirconium were reviewed in this paper. The effects of different processes on the purity and yield of boron, vanadium and zirconium were studied. These can be summarized as follows: 1. In the experiment of preparing pure boron by aluminothermic method, the addition of heating agent potassium chlorate can effectively increase the content of boron in pure boron. When the amount of potassium chlorate is 10 wt.%, the lowest content of boron in pure boron is 36.36%, and the content of boron in pure boron is 25 wt.%. The content of boron in pure boron is 94.38%, and the content of boron in pure boron increases with the addition of potassium chlorate. When the amount of potassium chlorate was more than 15 wt.%, the increasing rate of boron content in pure boron gradually slowed down. When the amount of potassium chlorate was 20 wt.%, the content of boron in pure boron was 95.08 when the amount of aluminum in reactant was 2 wt.%, and the lowest mass fraction of aluminum in pure boron was 4.92%. The purity of boron in pure boron is reduced by excess of aluminum in the proportion. When the amount of potassium chlorate is 20 wt. and the amount of aluminum in the reactant is 2 wt.%, the preparation of pure boron by aluminothermic method has higher purity and lower production cost. 2. In the experiment of preparing pure vanadium by hydrothermal reaction melting method, the content of vanadium in the prepared pure vanadium is 98.45%, the lowest is 87.17%, and the vanadium mass fraction is the highest when the amount of aluminum is 5 wt.%. The highest mass fraction of aluminum in pure vanadium is 12.83 and the lowest is 1.55. When the amount of aluminum is less than 5 wt.%, the mass fraction of aluminum is the lowest, and when the excess of aluminum is 15 wt.%, the mass fraction of aluminum is the highest. The lowest yield of vanadium was 74.1 when the amount of aluminum was 10 wt.%. With the increase of aluminum content in reactants, the yield of vanadium increased, and the recovery rate of vanadium reached the maximum value of 92.4 at 15 wt.% aluminum overdose. The Brinell hardness of pure vanadium is the smallest when the amount of aluminum is less than 5 wt.%, and the Brinell hardness increases with the increase of aluminum content in the sample, and has the maximum value when the reactant ratio is 15 wt.%. The change of Brinell hardness varies with the purity of vanadium. The prepared pure vanadium not only has higher vanadium content, but also has higher yield and better economic benefit when the amount of aluminum in the reactant is less than 5 wt.%. 3. In the experiment of preparing pure zirconium by aluminothermic method, when the amount of potassium chlorate was 20 wt.%, when the amount of aluminum in the reactant was less than 5 wt.%, The content of zirconium in the prepared pure zirconium is 58.88 and the lowest mass fraction of zirconium is 51.21 when the amount of aluminum in the reactant is 10 wt.%. The mass fraction of aluminum in pure zirconium increases with the increase of the ratio of reactants. The lowest mass fraction of aluminum in pure zirconium is 39.33 when the amount of aluminum is less than 10 wt.%, and the highest mass fraction of aluminum in pure zirconium is 43.94 when the excess of aluminum is 10%. The mass fraction of oxygen in pure zirconium is 0.52when the amount of aluminum is less than 5 wt.%, and the highest mass fraction of oxygen in pure zirconium is 5.99wt% when aluminum overdose is 5wt.%. The yield of zirconium increased with the increase of aluminum content in the reactant proportion, and reached the maximum value of 25.3g when the aluminum content was 10 wt.% over 10 wt.% of aluminum content, the lowest yield of zirconium was 22.4wt%, and the yield of zirconium increased with the increase of aluminum content in reactants. Under the experimental conditions, the mass fraction and yield of zirconium in pure zirconium are low, and the process needs to be improved.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：O611.3

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 王斐斐;硬硼鈣石和鈉硼解石礦酸解制硼酸的工藝研究[D];大連理工大學;2012年

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本文編號：1933780