本文選題：言論自由　切入點(diǎn)：網(wǎng)絡(luò)　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：言論自由,簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)就是人們按照自己的意愿自由地發(fā)表言論以及與聽(tīng)取他人陳述意見(jiàn)的權(quán)利。隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代的來(lái)臨,網(wǎng)絡(luò)越來(lái)越成為人們發(fā)表言論的理想場(chǎng)所。由于權(quán)利之繁多與多樣性,加之網(wǎng)絡(luò)自身所具有的匿名性、開(kāi)放性與即時(shí)互動(dòng)性等諸多特點(diǎn),人們?cè)谛惺寡哉撟杂傻耐瑫r(shí),常常會(huì)觸及到公共利益以及他人的合法權(quán)利。同時(shí),言論自由作為公民一項(xiàng)最基本也是最重要的憲法權(quán)利,它不僅是公民實(shí)現(xiàn)自我人格與發(fā)展前提,對(duì)民主社會(huì)之進(jìn)步亦有著重要的促進(jìn)作用�，F(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,如何界定網(wǎng)絡(luò)言論自由之法律邊界成為一個(gè)值得研究的問(wèn)題,也是本文探討的重點(diǎn)。如何正確處理言論自由與公共利益以及他人合法權(quán)利之間的關(guān)系,對(duì)維護(hù)公民之言論自由,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)法治社會(huì)之建設(shè)具有重要的意義。本文分為引言、正文、結(jié)語(yǔ)三個(gè)部分,對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)言論自由的價(jià)值、限制理論作了詳細(xì)的論述。文章通過(guò)對(duì)“秦火火”的案例分析,兼論兩高之《關(guān)于辦理利用信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)施誹謗等刑事案件適用法律若干問(wèn)題的解釋》,從宏觀的角度以期引起讀者的思考。其中正文部分主要又分為三大部分：第一部分從整體的角度對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)言論自由作了一個(gè)理論概述。首先闡述了言論自由的內(nèi)涵,它分為狹義和廣義兩個(gè)層面,基于文章研究之需要,本文僅從狹義的角度對(duì)言論自由進(jìn)行分析,即不包含新聞、出版、游行、示威等廣義上的言論自由。除了一般意義上,人們對(duì)言論自由屬憲法權(quán)利之認(rèn)知外,筆者引述了劉作翔教授的看法,即言論自由也是一種個(gè)人權(quán)利與個(gè)體權(quán)利。其次,筆者從個(gè)人與社會(huì)兩個(gè)層面分析了言論自由的重要價(jià)值——構(gòu)建自我人格、促進(jìn)民主、發(fā)揚(yáng)容忍、維持社會(huì)之道德基礎(chǔ)、促進(jìn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)文化發(fā)展等等。第三,筆者系統(tǒng)梳理了現(xiàn)今國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)言論自由的法律規(guī)制,重點(diǎn)分析了我國(guó)對(duì)言論自由法律規(guī)制中存在的問(wèn)題與不足。最后,筆者著重分析了網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下言論自由的新發(fā)展,并提出了其中的一些問(wèn)題。第二部分筆者著重分析了言論自由限制理論。首先提出權(quán)利沖突的問(wèn)題。在筆者看來(lái),對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的認(rèn)知是認(rèn)識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)言論自由法律邊界之前提要見(jiàn)。筆者從權(quán)利沖突是否存在、何為權(quán)利沖突、權(quán)利沖突的主體問(wèn)題、權(quán)利沖突的原因及實(shí)質(zhì)、權(quán)利沖突的解決之道等五個(gè)方面對(duì)權(quán)利沖突問(wèn)題作了詳盡的闡述。權(quán)利沖突問(wèn)題的存在如今已經(jīng)得到學(xué)界之共識(shí)。在權(quán)利沖突主體問(wèn)題上,筆者介紹了張千帆教授的觀點(diǎn),啟發(fā)讀者對(duì)此問(wèn)題從不同的角度去思考。在權(quán)利沖突的原因及實(shí)質(zhì)問(wèn)題上,筆者介紹了學(xué)界的學(xué)者們對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的不同認(rèn)知。最后,學(xué)者們從功利原則的經(jīng)濟(jì)分析法學(xué)、法定原則、法學(xué)方法論等不同理論視角對(duì)權(quán)利沖突問(wèn)題提出了自己的解決之道,筆者對(duì)之作出了自己的評(píng)價(jià)。其次,文章分析了言論自由的限制的四個(gè)理由——他人的權(quán)利與榮譽(yù)、國(guó)家安全、公共秩序、公共道德,以及言論自由限制的三個(gè)原則——合法性、合目的性、合比例原則。第三部分,文章以“秦火火”案為例,探討了網(wǎng)絡(luò)言論自由中存在的問(wèn)題。筆者首先簡(jiǎn)單介紹了一下案情,接著從傳統(tǒng)刑法理論的角度對(duì)秦案中涉及的誹謗罪作了分析,然后提出普通法上誹謗罪的抗辯理由——真實(shí)或證明正當(dāng)、特權(quán)、公平評(píng)論、不完全答辯。最后,文章對(duì)整個(gè)案件過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題作了一一分析,并著重對(duì)兩高的《誹謗法解釋》作了評(píng)析,從宏觀角度分析了秦案可能產(chǎn)生的重大影響,提出法治與道德自律并行的必要性。結(jié)語(yǔ)部分,文章再次呼吁了言論自由的重要性。通過(guò)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)言論自由之法律邊界的探究,從宏觀的角度,以期引出讀者對(duì)當(dāng)前社會(huì)問(wèn)題的思考,對(duì)言論自由、憲政、司法獨(dú)立等相互之間的關(guān)系以及它們對(duì)法治社會(huì)建設(shè)重要性的認(rèn)知,得出言論自由正是培育民主社會(huì)公民理性思維的前提之結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:Freedom of speech, simply means that people in accordance with their wishes to speak freely, and listen to the statement of rights. With the advent of the Internet era, the Internet has become more and more people express ideal place of speech. Because the right variety and diversity, and the network anonymity itself has many characteristics, openness and real time interactive, people in the exercise of freedom of speech and often involves the public interests and the legitimate rights of others. At the same time, the freedom of speech as citizens of one of the most basic and most important constitutional rights, it is not only the premise of self personality and realize the development of citizens in a democratic society, progress is also important role. In real life, how to define the legal boundaries of freedom of speech on the Internet has become a problem worthy of study, is also the focus of this paper. How to deal with words Discussion on the relationship between freedom and the public interests and the legitimate rights of others, to safeguard the citizens' freedom of speech, and promote the construction of the rule of law society has important significance. This paper is divided into preface, text, conclusion of three parts of the network, the value of freedom of speech, theory of constraints are discussed in detail. Based on the analysis of "Qin fire fire case of two high on the handling of the" defamation law applicable to certain issues in criminal cases explanations of the use of information networks, from a macro point of view in order to arouse the reader's thinking. The text is mainly divided into three parts: the first part gives an overview of the theory of freedom of speech on the Internet as a whole angle. This paper expounds the connotation of the freedom of speech, it is divided into two broad and narrow sense, this article based on the research needs, this paper only from the narrow sense of freedom of speech analysis, i.e. Includes news, publishing, demonstrations, demonstrations and other broad freedom of speech. In addition to the general sense, awareness of constitutional rights to freedom of speech is, the author quoted the view of Professor Liu Zuoxiang, the freedom of speech is also a kind of personal rights and individual rights. Secondly, the author analyzes the important value of the freedom of speech: the construction of self from the two aspects of personality, individual and society to promote democracy, promote tolerance, maintain the moral foundation of society, promote the cultural development of society and economy and so on. Third, the author systematically analyzes the legal regulation of freedom of speech at home and abroad, analyzes the existence of the freedom of speech in the legal regulation of the problems and shortcomings. Finally, the author focuses on the analysis of the new development of the freedom of speech under the network environment, and puts forward some problems. The second part focuses on the analysis of the restrictions on freedom of speech theory. Firstly, right The interest conflict problem. In my opinion, on the issue of cognition is the freedom of speech on the Internet before the law. The author from the abstract boundary right conflict exists, what is the main problem of the conflict of rights, rights conflict, reason and essence of the conflict of rights, rights conflict solution in five aspects in detail on the question of the right conflict. The conflict of rights problems now get academic consensus. In the main conflict of rights issues, the author introduces the viewpoint of Professor Zhang Qianfan, inspiring readers this problem from different perspective. In the reason of conflict of rights and substantive issues, the author introduces the academic scholars the different cognition of this problem. Finally, the scholars from the utilitarian principle of economic analysis of law, legal principle, legal methodology and different theories put forward their own solution to the question of the right conflict The road, the author makes a comment on it. Secondly, this paper analyzes the limits of freedom of speech in the four reasons: the right of others and honor, national security, public order, public morality, and restrictions on freedom of speech three principle, legitimacy, purposiveness, proportionality principle. The third part the Qin fire fire case as an example, discusses the existing problems in the freedom of speech on the Internet. The author first introduces about the case, then made an analysis from the perspective of the theory of traditional criminal libel case involving the Qin, and then put forward the general law of defamation Defenses -- real or justified that privilege, fair comment, incomplete reply. Finally, the paper made detailed analysis on the existing problems in the whole process of the case, and focus on the two "libel law explanations of comments and analysis from the macro perspective of the Qin case possible Great influence, proposed the necessity of the rule of law and moral self-discipline in parallel. The conclusion part, the importance of freedom of speech. Call again by exploring the boundaries on the legal network of freedom of speech, from a macro point of view, in order to lead the reader on the current social problems, to freedom of speech, constitutionalism, judicial independence, mutual relationship between and their awareness of the importance of building the rule of law, to speak of freedom is the cultivation of citizen democratic society rational thinking premise conclusion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D921;D924.34

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