發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-18 21:15

  本文選題：行政程序　切入點(diǎn)：行政聽(tīng)證　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為現(xiàn)代行政程序法的核心制度，行政聽(tīng)證制度起源于司法領(lǐng)域，其核心精神是“聽(tīng)取對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)”，即在作出不利于一方的決定時(shí)，應(yīng)該給予對(duì)方充分的陳述、質(zhì)證、辯護(hù)的機(jī)會(huì)。行政聽(tīng)證制度將對(duì)行政權(quán)的監(jiān)督擴(kuò)展至行政過(guò)程中，很好地應(yīng)對(duì)了二戰(zhàn)以后，因行政權(quán)極度膨脹而造成的立法權(quán)、司法權(quán)對(duì)其制約不足的局面，行政聽(tīng)證制度已成為現(xiàn)代法治國(guó)家行政法治的重要標(biāo)志。 我國(guó)一直致力于法治建設(shè)，行政聽(tīng)證制度的優(yōu)化自然應(yīng)為題中之義。最早設(shè)立于《行政處罰法》中的聽(tīng)證制度，雖是意義重大的開(kāi)啟，但制度粗略，缺乏可操作性。跟進(jìn)的其他法律對(duì)其也未進(jìn)行實(shí)質(zhì)性的發(fā)展。在核心制度發(fā)展受阻的情形下，被學(xué)界呼吁多年的統(tǒng)一行政程序法也遲遲未能出臺(tái)。在當(dāng)今政府職能由管理型向服務(wù)型轉(zhuǎn)變的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，行政程序法對(duì)于行政權(quán)規(guī)范和控制的無(wú)可替代的作用已成共識(shí)。尤其是在執(zhí)政黨近期提出“把權(quán)力關(guān)進(jìn)籠子里”的關(guān)口，行政程序法的出臺(tái)更顯得緊迫和必要。在這一大背景下，對(duì)其核心制度——行政聽(tīng)證制度做梳理和討論具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文的核心內(nèi)容是，對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的行政聽(tīng)證制度進(jìn)行分析和梳理，指出其制度設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)行過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題，，同時(shí)也對(duì)產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題的深層次的原因進(jìn)行闡釋?zhuān)詈笤趪?guó)家層面制定統(tǒng)一行政程序法的背景下，提出對(duì)行政聽(tīng)證制度優(yōu)化的對(duì)策。 本文共四章，第一章的主要內(nèi)容是：首先，對(duì)行政聽(tīng)證概念及其發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)進(jìn)行了梳理，然后再此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)行政聽(tīng)證的概念做出新的界定。其次，對(duì)行政聽(tīng)證制度的法理基礎(chǔ)做概括性的闡述，包括英國(guó)的自然公正原則、美國(guó)的正當(dāng)法律程序原則、德國(guó)的法治理論與人類(lèi)尊嚴(yán)說(shuō)以及我國(guó)的人民民主原則。最后論述了行政聽(tīng)證的特征和其遵守的基本原則，特征包括準(zhǔn)司法性和職權(quán)性，基本原則是指公正原則和公開(kāi)原則。第二章主要是對(duì)現(xiàn)行行政聽(tīng)證制度的立法和實(shí)踐狀況進(jìn)行分析，以勾勒出我國(guó)行政聽(tīng)制度的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。對(duì)制度分析時(shí)，選取了《行政處罰法》、《行政許可法》、《立法法》、《治安管理處罰法》和《價(jià)格法》五個(gè)對(duì)象。進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析時(shí)，選取了行政程序法先試先行的湖南省株洲市的案例作為樣本，試圖反應(yīng)出我國(guó)行政聽(tīng)證發(fā)展的前沿水平。第三章是對(duì)現(xiàn)行聽(tīng)證制度的缺陷和不足進(jìn)行呈現(xiàn)，并對(duì)不完善的原因進(jìn)行了揭示，該章中筆者用了大量的筆墨對(duì)地方行政程序立法中的聽(tīng)證制度進(jìn)行了分析、總結(jié)，以便為國(guó)家層面的制度設(shè)計(jì)提供借鑒。第四章是在制定統(tǒng)一行政程序法的大背景下提出的對(duì)行政聽(tīng)證制度進(jìn)行優(yōu)化的方案，主要從聽(tīng)證的范圍以及聽(tīng)證主持人、案卷排他、聽(tīng)證代表遴選，監(jiān)督救濟(jì)幾方面展開(kāi)。
[Abstract]:As the core system of the modern administrative procedure law, the administrative hearing system originates from the judicial field. Its core spirit is to "listen to the opinions of the other party", that is, when making a decision against one party, it should give the other party adequate statements and cross-examination. The opportunity to defend. The administrative hearing system extends the supervision of the executive power to the administrative process, which has dealt well with the situation that the legislative power caused by the extreme expansion of the executive power after the second world war and the insufficient restriction of the judicial power on it. Administrative hearing system has become an important symbol of the rule of law in a modern country ruled by law. China has been committed to the construction of the rule of law, the optimization of the administrative hearing system should naturally be the meaning of the topic. The hearing system, which was first set up in the Administrative punishment Law, is a significant opening, but the system is rough. Lack of maneuverability. Other laws followed did not substantially develop them. In cases where the development of the core system is blocked, The unified administrative procedure law, which has been called upon by academic circles for many years, has not been promulgated. In the key period of the transition of government function from management to service, The irreplaceable role of the Administrative procedure Law in the regulation and control of administrative power has reached a consensus. In particular, the ruling party recently put forward the point of "putting power in a cage." The introduction of administrative procedure law is more urgent and necessary. Under this background, it is of great practical significance to sort out and discuss its core system-administrative hearing system. The core content of this paper is to analyze and comb the current administrative hearing system of our country, to point out the problems existing in the design and operation of the system, and to explain the deep-seated causes of the problems. Finally, under the background of establishing the unified administrative procedure law at the national level, the countermeasures to optimize the administrative hearing system are put forward. The main contents of the first chapter are as follows: firstly, the concept of administrative hearing and its development are combed, then on this basis, the concept of administrative hearing is defined. A general description of the legal basis of the administrative hearing system, including the principle of natural justice in Britain, the principle of due process in the United States and the principle of due process of law in the United States, The theory of rule of law and the theory of human dignity in Germany and the principle of people's democracy in our country. Finally, it discusses the characteristics of administrative hearing and its basic principles, including quasi-judicial and power. The second chapter mainly analyzes the legislation and practice of the current administrative hearing system, in order to outline the current situation of the development of the administrative hearing system in China. This paper selects five objects, the Administrative punishment Law, the Administrative license Law, the Legislative Law, the Public Security Administration punishment Law and the Price Law. In the course of empirical analysis, the case of Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, where the administrative procedure law is first tried, is selected as the sample. The third chapter presents the defects and deficiencies of the current hearing system, and reveals the reasons for the imperfection. In this chapter, the author used a lot of pen and ink to analyze the hearing system in the local administrative procedure legislation. In order to provide a reference for the design of the system at the national level. Chapter 4th is a scheme to optimize the administrative hearing system under the background of the formulation of a unified administrative procedure law, mainly from the scope of the hearing and the hearing moderator, the case file exclusive. The hearing representative selects, supervises the relief several aspects to launch.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.1

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