本文選題：中國共產(chǎn)黨　切入點：新聞工作者　出處：《吉林大學》2011年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：新聞工作者作為一個社會群體,無論是過去還是現(xiàn)在,都在發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。中國共產(chǎn)黨從誕生之日起,就非常重視新聞宣傳工作,對新聞工作者的思想、政治和新聞業(yè)務(wù)等方面都開展過深入細致的教育。從現(xiàn)實生活看,新聞工作者的隊伍越來越龐大,所承擔的社會責任也越來越重,因此,如何把過去中國共產(chǎn)黨的教育經(jīng)驗傳承下來,就顯得尤為重要,也非常必要。 本選題主要研究的是民主革命時期1937年—1949年間,中國共產(chǎn)黨對廣大新聞工作者進行思想政治教育的背景、內(nèi)容、方法手段、載體以及對當代社會的現(xiàn)實意義。從抗日戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后到新中國建立這段時期,中國共產(chǎn)黨對新聞工作者教育最突出、最典型,不僅教育內(nèi)容豐富、教育手段多樣,取得效果也最突出。尤其是在教育實踐過程中,初步形成了馬克思主義新聞觀,奠定了中國共產(chǎn)黨新聞思想的發(fā)展基石。 本選題共分六章。 第1章主要介紹了中國共產(chǎn)黨早期對新聞工作者教育的理論與實踐回顧,馬克思、恩格斯、列寧等人對新聞工作者教育的論述以及對中國共產(chǎn)黨產(chǎn)生了重要影響。因此,中國共產(chǎn)黨在大革命時期和土地革命時期對新聞工作者思想政治教育,大都吸取了這些思想,并結(jié)合中國國情進行了可貴的探索和實踐。 第2章主要論述抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期中國共產(chǎn)黨對新聞工作者的教育�！捌咂呤伦儭北l(fā)后,中國國內(nèi)的主要矛盾由國共之間的階級矛盾轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹腥罩g的民族矛盾。在這種復雜的背景下,中國共產(chǎn)黨根據(jù)國內(nèi)外形勢的發(fā)展,不但對自己領(lǐng)導下的新聞工作者進行政治、思想、道德等方面的教育,還對中立媒體、國民黨領(lǐng)導的新聞工作者以及外國媒體記者進行教育和影響。在殘酷的戰(zhàn)爭環(huán)境中,中國共產(chǎn)黨在各抗日根據(jù)地創(chuàng)辦了大量報紙,并成立了廣播電臺,帶領(lǐng)廣大新聞工作者克服重重困難,采取機動靈活的辦報策略,使黨的聲音始終能夠傳達到群眾之中。在新聞實踐活動中,中國共產(chǎn)黨不僅較好地發(fā)展對敵、對外的新聞宣傳,樹立了威信和形象,而且形成了一定規(guī)模的新聞工作隊伍,穩(wěn)定了抗日民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線,并為解放戰(zhàn)爭的勝利打下了堅實基礎(chǔ)。 第3章著重論述了在解放戰(zhàn)爭時期中國共產(chǎn)黨對新聞工作者教育情況。1945年8月15日抗日戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后,由于中日之間的民族矛盾不復存在,此前處于次要地位的階級矛盾開始成為國內(nèi)的主要矛盾。國民黨企圖依靠美國的支持消滅共產(chǎn)黨,建立獨裁政權(quán),而中國共產(chǎn)黨則主張通過“和平、民主、團結(jié)”的途徑,建立一個獨立、民主、富強的人民民主國家,將新民主主義革命進行到底。1946年6月25日,國民黨軍隊以突然襲擊手段,進攻中共在中原地區(qū)的一個集結(jié)區(qū),全面內(nèi)戰(zhàn)遂告爆發(fā)。由于敵強我弱,中國共產(chǎn)黨在解放戰(zhàn)爭的大部分階段利用新聞宣傳手段,教育廣大新聞工作者揭露國民黨反動派發(fā)動內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的陰謀,宣傳黨和平建國的基本方針;宣傳黨的土地政策,促進根據(jù)地政權(quán)建設(shè);宣傳和發(fā)動人民群眾投入戰(zhàn)爭,為人民民主政權(quán)的建立大造輿論。到解放戰(zhàn)爭后期,尤其是三大戰(zhàn)役結(jié)束后,中國共產(chǎn)黨又面臨建立新中國的繁重任務(wù)。此時,中國共產(chǎn)黨再次面臨新聞工作的轉(zhuǎn)向問題。在此背景下,黨又及時教育新聞工作者如何將工作重心從農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移到城市,如何從以報道戰(zhàn)爭為主轉(zhuǎn)移到國家建設(shè)上來,這些教育實踐活動都取得非常好的效果。 第4章重點論述了黨對新聞工作者的新聞業(yè)務(wù)教育。作為特殊的職業(yè)群體,新聞工作者除了要接受政治、思想、道德等教育外,新聞業(yè)務(wù)水平如何直接影響新聞報道的社會效果。淵博的語言知識、得心應(yīng)手地駕馭文字的能力,是一名優(yōu)秀記者最基本的工具。在抗日戰(zhàn)爭和解放戰(zhàn)爭時期的中國,由于受條件和環(huán)境的限制,中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導下的新聞工作者真正系統(tǒng)學過新聞的人并不多,更多的新聞從業(yè)人員都是臨時或在偶然條件下才從事新聞工作的。因此,中國共產(chǎn)黨通過各種途徑對這些新聞從業(yè)人員進行業(yè)務(wù)知識的培訓和教育。實踐證明,這些舉措不僅在當時極大地提高了新聞工作者的業(yè)務(wù)能力和水平,就是對今天也有很多的借鑒意義。 第5章主要論述了中國共產(chǎn)黨對新聞工作者教育方法及載體。方法有:說理教育法、疏導教育法、典型教育法、激勵教育法、自我教育法、綜合教育法等等,這些方法在中國共產(chǎn)黨在對新聞作者是進行思想政治教育的實踐過程中都有使用。同時,中國共產(chǎn)黨還借助談話、活動、文化、大眾傳媒等載體,多手段、全方位對新聞工作者進行教育,從而取得了極好的教育效果。 第6章主要總結(jié)了中國共產(chǎn)黨對新聞工作者思想政治教育的基本經(jīng)驗、歷史教訓和作用。這些經(jīng)驗和教訓對中國共產(chǎn)黨最終取得抗日戰(zhàn)爭和解放戰(zhàn)爭的勝利都起到了重要作用,特別是新中國建立后,這些經(jīng)驗和教訓益發(fā)顯得重要。改革開放30多年來,中國新聞隊伍迅速擴大,我國新聞從業(yè)人員在1921年中國共產(chǎn)黨創(chuàng)立時的幾十人發(fā)展到目前將近80萬人。但是,新聞工作者的政治業(yè)務(wù)教育工作卻沒有跟上新聞隊伍的迅速發(fā)展,從而不僅影響了中國新聞隊伍的建設(shè),而且還影響了黨和政府的形象�？偨Y(jié)、探討1937年—1949年期間中國共產(chǎn)黨對新聞工作者思想政治教育的經(jīng)驗和教訓,具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:Journalists as a social group, both past and present, are playing an increasingly important role. China Communist Party from the date of birth, attaches great importance to the news and propaganda work, journalists thought, political and business news etc. have been carried out in-depth education. From the real life. Increasingly large contingent of journalists, the social responsibility is more important, therefore, how to put the past China communist education experience handed down, is particularly important, but also very necessary.
The research of this topic is the period of the democratic revolution in 1937 1949, the Communist Party of China means of Ideological and political education for the majority of journalists in the background, content, method, carrier and realistic meaning to contemporary society. From after the outbreak of Anti Japanese War period to the founding of new China, the Communist Party of Chinese education of journalists in the most prominent, the most typical, not only rich educational content, educational methods are various, the most prominent effect is achieved. Especially in the process of educational practice, the initial formation of Marx's concept of news, laid the cornerstone of the development of the Communist Party of Chinese news thought.
This topic is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter mainly introduces the theory and practice of the Communist Party of Chinese early education of journalists in the review, Marx, Engels, Lenin, et al. Discussion on journalistic education and has an important influence on the Communist Party of China. Therefore, Chinese Communist Party in the great revolution and the agrarian revolution of Ideological and political education of journalists, most of these ideas draw, and according to the situation of Chinese valuable practice.
The second chapter mainly discusses the Communist Party during the Anti Japanese War China of journalistic education. "77 incident" after the outbreak of the main contradiction China changes from the domestic class contradictions between the ethnic conflicts between China and Japan. In this complex background, the Communist Party of Chinese according to the development situation at home and abroad, not only for themselves under the leadership of the journalists and political, ideological, moral and other aspects of education, but also on neutral media, the Kuomintang led journalists and foreign media reporters education and influence. In the harsh environment, the Chinese Communist Party in the Anti Japanese base areas established a large number of newspapers, and set up a radio station, and lead the journalists to overcome the obstacles the difficulty, the newspaper flexible strategy, so that the voice of the party has always been able to convey to the masses. In the news practice, the Communist Party not only China Better development of the enemy, the external news and propaganda, set up prestige and image, and formed a certain scale of news work team, stabilized the Anti Japanese national united front, and laid a solid foundation for the victory of the war of liberation.
The third chapter focuses on the Communist Party of Chinese during the war of Liberation Education of journalists in.1945 in August 15th after the Anti Japanese War, the ethnic conflicts between China and Japan does not exist, in a secondary position after class contradiction became the main contradiction in China. The KMT attempted to rely on the support of the United States destroy the Communist Party, establishing dictatorship. The Chinese Communist Party advocated by the "peace, democracy, unity of the way", the establishment of an independent, democratic, democratic country, the new democratic revolution in the end.1946 year in June 25th, the Kuomintang troops to attack, attack the Central Plains a staging area, came to an all-out civil war broke out. Due to weak the Communist Party, Chinese use news propaganda means in most of the period of the war of liberation, the majority of journalists to expose the national education reactionary distribution Move a civil war, the basic principle of the peace party propaganda; propaganda of the party's land policy, to promote the political power construction; propaganda and mobilization of the masses into the war, for the establishment of the people's democratic regime created public opinion. Later in the war of liberation, especially the three after the battle, China Communist Party was facing the arduous task of building new Chinese. At this time, the Communist Party of China again turned to the problem facing journalism. Under this background, the party also timely education journalists how to transfer the focus from the countryside to the city, how from the war coverage mainly transferred to the national construction, the educational practice has achieved very good results.
The fourth chapter discusses the Party News Business Education for journalists. As a special occupation groups, journalists in addition to accept political, ideological and moral education, how to directly affect the level of the news business news reports the social effect. The profound knowledge of the language, the ability to control the text handy, is a good press tools. During the Anti Japanese War and the war of liberation Chinese, due to conditions and environmental constraints, the real system China journalists under the leadership of the Communist Party learned the news is not much, more journalists are in temporary or accidental conditions in journalism. Therefore, the Communist Party of Chinese through a variety of channels for news media professionals for business knowledge training and education. The practice proves that these measures not only at the time and greatly improve the work of the news industry The ability and level of affairs have a lot of reference for today.
The fifth chapter mainly discusses the China party education of journalists method and carrier. Methods: the reasoning education law, dredging education method, the typical method of education, education incentive method, the method of self education, comprehensive education method and so on, these methods are used in the process of practice Chinese communist party carries on the ideological and political education of the author is in the news at the same time, the Communist Party of China through conversation, activities, culture, mass media and so on, many means, all-round education of journalists, in order to obtain a good educational effect.
The sixth chapter summarizes the basic experience of the Communist Party of Chinese journalists of Ideological and political education, and the role of the lessons of history. The experiences and lessons of the Communist Party of China eventually made Anti Japanese War and the liberation war has played an important role, especially after the establishment of new China, these experiences and lessons become more important. 30 years of reform and opening up to Chinese, news of rapidly expanding, China's news staff of dozens of people in 1921 when Chinese founded the Communist Party to the current development of nearly 800 thousand people. However, ideological and political education on the journalists did not keep up with the rapid development of the news team, which not only affect the construction of China news team, but also the impact of the party and government the image of 1937 and 1949. In summary, the Communist Party of China during the ideological and political education of journalists experience and lessons, it is important to Practical significance.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：G219.29

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