本文關(guān)鍵詞： 天然膠乳 納米填料 乳液附聚 膠膜 分散性 動態(tài)性能natural rubber latex nano-filler latex agglomeration film dispersion dynamic properties　出處：《青島科技大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 本文以天然膠乳為主體材料,選用N330炭黑、納米碳酸鈣、沉淀法白炭黑三種填料,分別采用T25高速分散機(jī)、超聲波振蕩器和高壓均質(zhì)機(jī)三種設(shè)備制備填料水分散體并處理天然膠乳與填料分散體混合乳液。采用激光粒度分布測定儀、相差顯微鏡、掃描電鏡(SEM)、透射電鏡(TEM)等測試方法考察三種設(shè)備制備三種填料分散體的效果以及混合乳液中粒子的附聚效果。并用門尼粘度計,TG熱重分析儀,RPA2000橡膠加工分析儀分析了三種填料母膠的性能,用電子拉力機(jī)考察了三種方法制備的三種填料與天然膠乳混合乳液膠膜及硫化膠的力學(xué)性能。結(jié)果表明: (1)用T25高速分散機(jī)制備N330炭黑、納米碳酸鈣、白炭黑分散體,處理時間和轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速對三種填料分散體的粒徑有明顯影響,影響規(guī)律有差異。隨分散機(jī)處理時間延長,三種填料分散體中顆粒尺寸不斷減小,粒徑分布變窄。在20000r/min的轉(zhuǎn)速下,處理5分鐘后,分散體中顆粒尺寸較小;三種分散體中,納米碳酸鈣分散體粒子的粒徑最小,為0.9um,炭黑和白炭黑分散體粒子尺寸在7um左右。炭黑和納米碳酸鈣分散體穩(wěn)定,沉降量小,而白炭黑分散體不穩(wěn)定,沉降量大。納米碳酸鈣分散體粒子粒徑隨轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速加快而逐漸減小,白炭黑分散體粒子粒徑在高轉(zhuǎn)速下才減小,而炭黑分散體粒子粒徑隨轉(zhuǎn)速加快先增大,在高轉(zhuǎn)速下減小。T25高速分散機(jī)處理填料分散體與天然膠乳混合乳液,可以實現(xiàn)三種填料粒子與膠乳粒子附聚,但效果不是很明顯。由高速分散機(jī)處理的混合乳液制備的母膠中,三種填料的分散性較未處理前的好,硫化膠的拉伸強(qiáng)度高。 (2)以炭黑和納米碳酸鈣為例考察了用超聲波振蕩器處理納米填料懸濁液及混合乳液中粒子的分散性,同時將制得的混煉膠與傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械混煉法所得膠料進(jìn)行力學(xué)性能的比較。結(jié)果顯示,兩種分散體中填料粒子大,分散性差,沉降嚴(yán)重;掃描電鏡圖片顯示,超聲波處理填料分散體與天然膠乳混合乳液后,膠乳粒子表面光滑,無納米粒子附著。母膠中填料的分散性及硫化膠的力學(xué)性能沒有明顯的改善。這表明超聲波法很難實現(xiàn)納米填料與天然膠乳的附聚,對改善填料在膠料中的分散性作用不大。 (3)采用高壓均質(zhì)機(jī)乳化法制備分散體及混合乳液。結(jié)果表明,分散體粒徑小,分布窄,分散性好,沉降量小,貯存穩(wěn)定。經(jīng)高壓均質(zhì)機(jī)處理后混合乳液膠膜的各種力學(xué)性能優(yōu)異。天然橡膠/納米填料母膠門尼粘度高,模量高,氮氣氣氛中分解溫度提高,母膠中納米填料的分散性好。用壓力附聚法制備的母膠硫化膠的物理機(jī)械性能要優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械混煉法制備的膠料。炭黑填充量20份,納米碳酸鈣、白炭黑填充量5份時,硫化膠的物理機(jī)械性能達(dá)到最佳。
[Abstract]:In this paper, natural latex was used as main material, N330 carbon black, nanometer calcium carbonate and precipitated silica were used as fillers, respectively, T25 high speed disperser was used. Three kinds of equipment, ultrasonic oscillator and high pressure homogenizer, were used to prepare the water dispersion of filler and treat the mixed emulsion of natural latex and filler dispersion. The laser particle size distribution instrument and phase contrast microscope were used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the preparation of three kinds of filler dispersions and the agglomeration effect of particles in the mixed emulsion. The rubber processing analyzer RPA2000 was used to analyze the properties of RPA2000 rubber processing analyzer with Mooney viscometer and TG thermogravimetric analyzer. The properties of three kinds of filler mastergels were analyzed. The mechanical properties of three kinds of fillers and natural latex emulsion film and vulcanizate prepared by three kinds of methods were investigated by electronic drawing machine. 1) N330 carbon black, nanometer calcium carbonate and silica dispersion were prepared by T25 high speed disperser. The treatment time and rotor speed have obvious influence on the particle size of the three kinds of filler dispersion, and the influence law is different. The particle size of the three kinds of filler dispersions decreases and the particle size distribution becomes narrower. At the rotational speed of 200r-min, the particle size in the dispersion is smaller after 5 minutes treatment, and the particle size of the nano-calcium carbonate dispersion is the smallest in the three kinds of dispersions. The particle size of carbon black and silica dispersion is about 7um. The dispersion of carbon black and nanometer calcium carbonate is stable and the deposition is small, but the dispersion of silica is unstable. The particle size of nanometer calcium carbonate dispersion decreases gradually with the increase of rotor speed, and the particle size of silica dispersion decreases at high speed, while the particle size of carbon black dispersion increases first with the increase of rotation speed. Under the condition of reducing the speed of .T25 high speed disperser to treat the mixed emulsion of filler dispersion and natural latex, the agglomeration of three kinds of filler particles and latex particles can be realized, but the effect is not very obvious. The dispersity of the three fillers is better than that of untreated ones, and the tensile strength of vulcanizates is higher. Taking carbon black and nanometer calcium carbonate as examples, the dispersity of particles in the suspensions and mixed emulsions of nano-fillers treated by ultrasonic oscillators was investigated. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the rubber prepared by the traditional mechanical mixing method were compared. The results showed that the filler particles in the two dispersions were large, the dispersity was poor, and the settlement was serious. The surface of latex particles is smooth after ultrasonic treatment of the mixed emulsion of filler dispersion and natural latex. The dispersion of fillers and the mechanical properties of vulcanizates were not improved obviously, which indicated that it was difficult to realize the agglomeration of nano-fillers and natural latex by ultrasonic method, but had little effect on improving the dispersity of fillers in rubber materials. The dispersion and mixed emulsion were prepared by high pressure homogenizer emulsification. The results showed that the dispersion was small, the distribution was narrow, the dispersity was good, and the sedimentation was small. Storage stability. After the treatment of high pressure homogenizer, the mixed emulsion film has excellent mechanical properties. The Mooney viscosity and modulus of natural rubber / nano-filler mother gum are high, and the decomposition temperature in nitrogen atmosphere is increased. The physical and mechanical properties of the matrix vulcanizate prepared by pressure agglomeration method are better than those prepared by traditional mechanical mixing method. When the content of carbon black is 20 phr, the filling amount of nano-calcium carbonate and silica is 5 phr, the mechanical properties of the vulcanizate prepared by the pressure agglomeration method are better than those prepared by the traditional mechanical mixing method. The physical and mechanical properties of vulcanizate are the best.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：TB332

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