本文關(guān)鍵詞： 戈爾巴喬夫 民主社會主義 改革與新思維　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1985年3月,戈爾巴喬夫擔(dān)任蘇共中央總書記以后,企圖用“西歐式的社會民主思想”來改造蘇共。其結(jié)果,在短短六年的時間,使執(zhí)政長達(dá)74年之久的蘇聯(lián)共產(chǎn)黨丟失了國家政權(quán),使原來統(tǒng)一的蘇聯(lián)多民族國家開始分崩離析,社會主義理論和實踐成果喪失殆盡。戈爾巴喬夫鼓吹和推行的“民主社會主義思想”是促使蘇聯(lián)解體的一個關(guān)鍵因素。因此,我們從蘇聯(lián)當(dāng)時的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治以及外交事務(wù)等方面對其進(jìn)行分析,尋找戈爾巴喬夫民主社會主義思想的社會背景。 戈爾巴喬夫民主社會主義思想主要內(nèi)容,就是在以上的社會背景中逐步發(fā)展起來的,而且在政治立場上更為激進(jìn),以至于最終拋棄了馬克思列寧主義的指導(dǎo)思想,喪失了蘇聯(lián)共產(chǎn)黨的執(zhí)政地位。戈爾巴喬夫?qū)Α叭说赖摹⒚裰鞯纳鐣髁x”理論和路線展開了較為詳細(xì)的闡述和論證,企圖為蘇聯(lián)繼續(xù)地朝著資本主義社會方向演變掃除理論障礙。他打著“革新社會主義”的旗幟和口號,提倡在蘇聯(lián)社會主義社會中,推行不分一切階級的“民主化”、沒有任何限度的“公開性”和系統(tǒng)的、抽象的“人道主義”,為蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會向資本主義的深入轉(zhuǎn)變營造理論氛圍和社會輿論環(huán)境。他認(rèn)為,必須要樹立起“人類的生存高于一切”的觀念。戈爾巴喬夫把民主視為超階級的絕對之物,提出“沒有民主就沒有社會主義”。糾正了蘇聯(lián)人民群眾對社會主義和資本主義的已經(jīng)形成的看法和認(rèn)識。也改變了人民群眾對蘇聯(lián)傳統(tǒng)的戰(zhàn)爭觀念和認(rèn)識。 作為蘇聯(lián)社會主義改革指導(dǎo)思想的戈爾巴喬夫民主社會主義,是蘇聯(lián)社會主義偏離正確發(fā)展方向的關(guān)鍵因素,也是蘇東劇變的一個關(guān)鍵因素。戈爾巴喬夫的民主社會主義,使蘇聯(lián)社會思想輿論發(fā)展方向發(fā)生了改變,使蘇聯(lián)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層在思想路線上開始動搖,并在思想意識形態(tài)領(lǐng)域造成了嚴(yán)重混亂。因此蘇聯(lián)共產(chǎn)黨的瓦解也就成為了一種必然。“前車覆,后車誡”。蘇共的失敗給我們提供了深刻的教訓(xùn)和啟示：一切國家的民主制度都必然具有本國本民族的特點。一個國家具體選擇哪種民主形式和民主制度,應(yīng)該從自身的特定社會結(jié)構(gòu)、歷史傳統(tǒng)與政治文化出發(fā),而不能盲目地照抄照搬。
[Abstract]:In March 1985, after Gorbachev became the general secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party, he attempted to reform the Soviet Communist Party with a "Western European style of social democracy." as a result, in a short period of six years, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which had been in power for 74 years, lost its state power and began to disintegrate the former unified multi-ethnic Soviet State. The socialist theory and practice were lost. Gorbachev's "democratic socialist ideology" was a key factor in the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Political and foreign affairs are analyzed to find the social background of Gorbachev's democratic socialist thought. The main content of Gorbachev's democratic socialism thought was developed gradually in the above social background, and was more radical in political position, so that he finally abandoned the guiding ideology of Marxism-Leninism. Gorbachev developed a more detailed elaboration and demonstration of the theory and line of "humane and democratic socialism". In an attempt to remove theoretical obstacles for the Soviet Union to continue its evolution towards capitalist society, he, under the banner and slogan of "innovating socialism", advocated in the socialist society of the Soviet Union, To promote "democratization" of all classes, without any limit of "openness" and systematic and abstract "humanitarianism", to create a theoretical atmosphere and an environment of public opinion for the in-depth transformation of the Soviet economy and society into capitalism. The idea that "the survival of mankind is above all else" must be established. Gorbachev regarded democracy as the absolute thing of the superclass. "without democracy, there can be no socialism". It corrects the views and understandings of the people of the Soviet Union on the formation of socialism and capitalism, and also changes the people's concept and understanding of the Soviet tradition of war. Gorbachev's democratic socialism, as the guiding ideology of socialist reform in the Soviet Union, is a key factor in the deviation of Soviet socialism from the correct direction of development and a key factor in the dramatic changes in the Soviet Union and East. Gorbachev's democratic socialism, This has changed the direction of the development of social and ideological public opinion in the Soviet Union and made the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union begin to waver in its ideological line. And caused serious confusion in the ideological field. So the collapse of the Soviet Communist Party became inevitable. " The failure of the Soviet Communist Party has provided us with profound lessons and revelations: the democratic systems of all countries must have their own national characteristics. One should proceed from one's own specific social structure, historical tradition and political culture, and not copy blindly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D351.2

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本文編號：1527244