本文關(guān)鍵詞： 分工配合制約原則 程序正義 流水作業(yè) 司法審查 刑事法治　出處：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 我國(guó)刑事訴訟程序是建立在公、檢、法三機(jī)關(guān)“分工負(fù)責(zé)、互相配合、互相制約”(簡(jiǎn)稱分工配合制約)這一憲法性刑事訴訟原則的基礎(chǔ)之上的。在刑事法治的視野中考察這一原則,聯(lián)系刑事司法實(shí)踐,發(fā)現(xiàn)這一原則有悖于刑事訴訟的職能配置規(guī)律,導(dǎo)致了偵查階段成為整個(gè)刑事訴訟活動(dòng)的中心階段,在實(shí)踐中引發(fā)了一系列矛盾和問(wèn)題。 本文第一章首先從歷史的角度,回顧了我國(guó)古代到現(xiàn)代的司法體系流變,對(duì)我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)司法思想進(jìn)行了分析。歷史上的制度和思想會(huì)作為一種民族文化傳統(tǒng)而保留在人們的思想當(dāng)中,但我們現(xiàn)代人的法律觀念常常是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的綜合體,這更與我國(guó)過(guò)去一百多年的歷史有關(guān)。正是由于復(fù)雜的社會(huì)歷史背景及對(duì)刑事訴訟目的的片面認(rèn)識(shí),導(dǎo)致我國(guó)刑事訴訟體系中偵查、檢察和審判機(jī)關(guān)的分工合作制約關(guān)系。這種職權(quán)配置既體現(xiàn)了權(quán)力制約,又對(duì)有效打擊犯罪具有重要意義。 第二章針對(duì)現(xiàn)行公檢法三機(jī)關(guān)關(guān)系在實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題,進(jìn)行了總體評(píng)價(jià)與法理剖析,指出這種三道工序式的訴訟結(jié)構(gòu)存在著結(jié)構(gòu)性缺陷,導(dǎo)致在三機(jī)關(guān)相互關(guān)系配置上存在嚴(yán)重的功能失衡、邏輯混亂,實(shí)踐中導(dǎo)致過(guò)于強(qiáng)調(diào)配合,相互制約不夠,人權(quán)保障不力。 第三章從分工配合制約原則的內(nèi)在要求出發(fā),對(duì)這一原則進(jìn)行了全面考察。聯(lián)系當(dāng)前刑事訴訟的實(shí)踐,主要對(duì)警檢之間的制約關(guān)系、檢法之間的配合與制約關(guān)系、警法關(guān)系定位缺失進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的剖析與反思,指出了其蘊(yùn)含及衍生出來(lái)的消極作用。 第四章對(duì)兩大法系司法體系中偵、控、審三機(jī)關(guān)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的介紹和剖析,主要以德、日、英、美等典型國(guó)家為藍(lán)本,并對(duì)其在三者關(guān)系配置方面的共同特點(diǎn)與相似之處進(jìn)行了歸納總結(jié)。 第五章在充分借鑒兩大法系司法職能配置的經(jīng)驗(yàn)做法的基礎(chǔ)上,從實(shí)現(xiàn)刑事法治視野的基本要求出發(fā),對(duì)現(xiàn)行公檢法分工配合制約原則指導(dǎo)下的相互關(guān)系提出了構(gòu)建方案。著重提出了重構(gòu)警察權(quán)、建立檢察機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)偵查權(quán)的主導(dǎo)指揮機(jī)制、改革檢察機(jī)關(guān)的審判監(jiān)督職能、設(shè)立庭前預(yù)審機(jī)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)化庭審中心主義、確立非法證據(jù)排除規(guī)則、確立沉默權(quán)制度、強(qiáng)化律師辯護(hù)權(quán)等一系列改革的具體設(shè)想。 最后得出結(jié)論,在刑事法治視野中,公、檢、法之間的職能配置與相互關(guān)系應(yīng)當(dāng)是——在摒棄“偵查中心主義”的不良傾向的基礎(chǔ)上,將公安機(jī)關(guān)的刑事偵查職能分離出來(lái),由專門的司法警察局行使,檢察機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)偵查活動(dòng)起主導(dǎo)、指揮作用,在審前程序中設(shè)立中立的預(yù)審機(jī)構(gòu),負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)偵查追訴活動(dòng)進(jìn)行必要的司法審查,確立裁判階段為整個(gè)刑事訴訟活動(dòng)的中心階段,確保控、辯雙方能夠平等對(duì)抗,法院中立、公正地行使司法裁判權(quán)。
[Abstract]:China's criminal procedure is established in the public, procuratorial, and legal organs "division of responsibility, mutual cooperation." On the basis of the constitutional criminal procedure principle of "mutual restriction" (short for division of labor and restriction), this principle is examined in the view of criminal rule of law and is linked to criminal judicial practice. It is found that this principle is contrary to the law of function allocation of criminal procedure, which leads to the investigation stage becoming the central stage of the whole criminal procedure, which leads to a series of contradictions and problems in practice. The first chapter of this paper reviews the evolution of the judicial system from ancient to modern from the historical point of view. This paper analyzes the traditional judicial thought of our country. The system and thought in history will be retained in people's thought as a kind of national cultural tradition, but the legal concept of our modern people is often a complex synthesis. This is more related to the history of our country in the past 100 years. It is precisely because of the complex social and historical background and one-sided understanding of the purpose of criminal proceedings that leads to the investigation in the criminal procedure system of our country. The relationship between procuratorial organs and judicial organs is restricted by division of work and cooperation, which not only reflects power restriction, but also plays an important role in effectively cracking down on crime. The second chapter aims at the problems in the practice of the relationship between the three organs of the current public procuratorate law, carries on the overall evaluation and the legal theory analysis, and points out that there are structural defects in this kind of litigation structure of the three working procedures. It leads to serious functional imbalance and logic confusion in the allocation of the relationship between the three organs. In practice, it leads to too much emphasis on cooperation, insufficient mutual restriction and inadequate protection of human rights. The third chapter from the internal requirements of the principle of division of labor to cooperate with the constraints of the principle of a comprehensive review of this principle. Combined with the current practice of criminal proceedings, mainly on the relationship between the constraints between police prosecutors. The relationship of cooperation and restriction between the procuratorial law and the lack of the orientation of the relationship between the police and the law are analyzed and reflected in detail, and the negative effects of the relationship between the police and the law are pointed out. Chapter 4th gives a brief introduction and analysis of the relationship between the investigation, control and adjudication organs in the judicial systems of the two major legal systems, mainly based on the typical countries such as Germany, Japan, Britain and the United States. The common characteristics and similarities of the three relations are summarized and summarized. Chapter 5th, on the basis of drawing lessons from the experience and practice of judicial function allocation in two legal systems, sets out from the basic requirements of realizing the vision of criminal rule of law. Under the guidance of the principle of coordination and restriction of the division of labor and restriction of the current public procuratorial law, this paper puts forward the construction scheme, especially puts forward the reconstruction of the police power and the establishment of the leading command mechanism of the procuratorial organ to the investigation power. Reform the procuratorial organs' function of trial supervision, set up pre-trial organs before court, strengthen the doctrine of court center, establish the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence, and establish the system of right to silence. Strengthen lawyer's right to defense and other specific ideas of a series of reforms. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that in the view of criminal rule of law, the function allocation and mutual relationship between public, procurator and law should be based on abandoning the unhealthy tendency of "investigation-centrism". The criminal investigation functions of the public security organs are separated out and exercised by the specialized judicial police stations. The procuratorial organs play a leading and command role in the investigation activities and set up a neutral pre-trial organization in the pretrial procedure. To be responsible for the necessary judicial review of the investigation and prosecution, to establish the adjudication stage as the central stage of the whole criminal proceedings, to ensure that both sides can face each other equally, the court is neutral, and the judicial jurisdiction is exercised impartially.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉彥龍;論檢察權(quán)的性質(zhì)定位和公檢法關(guān)系重構(gòu)[D];中國(guó)政法大學(xué);2011年

2 張楊;我國(guó)公檢法權(quán)力模式對(duì)被追訴人程序性權(quán)利的影響[D];甘肅政法學(xué)院;2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1478041