本文關(guān)鍵詞： 業(yè)主自治 業(yè)主大會 法人化 業(yè)主　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：城市治理逐步向小區(qū)業(yè)主自治轉(zhuǎn)變是世界趨勢,也是我國構(gòu)建社會發(fā)展和管理新格局的關(guān)鍵所在。法治社會更應(yīng)該尊重業(yè)主自治,預(yù)留業(yè)主自治的充分空間,充分挖掘業(yè)主自身的自治潛能。我國憲法規(guī)定的管理社會事務(wù)權(quán)以及物權(quán)法規(guī)定的建筑物區(qū)分所有權(quán)為業(yè)主自治的有效實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了法律保障。但由于業(yè)主大會民事主體地位不明確,以及職能部門未能有效行政作為、業(yè)主之間紛爭不斷未能形成自治合力以及物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)管理權(quán)爭奪業(yè)主自治權(quán),從而導(dǎo)致業(yè)主自治猶如“鏡中花水中月”一樣美好卻未能有效實(shí)現(xiàn)。我國立法應(yīng)明確業(yè)主大會的民事主體地位,構(gòu)建業(yè)主大會法人化道路,這已成為城市治理方式研究中重大而緊迫的現(xiàn)實(shí)課題。本文共分為4個章節(jié)和結(jié)語:第一章為業(yè)主自治和業(yè)主大會概況,本章分為兩節(jié)分別論述了業(yè)主自治和業(yè)主大會的概括,第一節(jié)業(yè)主自治概況中首先從法規(guī)條文以及建筑物區(qū)分所有權(quán)概念兩個方面分析了業(yè)主的內(nèi)涵。其次從業(yè)主的居住形態(tài)、房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)的私有化、城市治理以及基層民主等四大方面來闡述業(yè)主自治產(chǎn)生的原因。第三就業(yè)主自治的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了闡述。第二節(jié)業(yè)主大會概況中首先分析了業(yè)主大會的性質(zhì),并從憲法賦予的業(yè)主社會管理權(quán)以及物權(quán)法賦予的業(yè)主建筑物區(qū)分所有權(quán)兩個方面探討了成立業(yè)主大會實(shí)現(xiàn)業(yè)主自治的法理基礎(chǔ)。筆者認(rèn)為,城鎮(zhèn)小區(qū)治理應(yīng)預(yù)留更多的業(yè)主自治空間,充分挖掘業(yè)主自身的自治潛能。業(yè)主大會會議是業(yè)主意思決策機(jī)構(gòu),業(yè)主大會是獨(dú)立于業(yè)主的自治團(tuán)體組織。第二章為我國業(yè)主自治的發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀。本章分為兩節(jié)分別論述了業(yè)主自治的三個發(fā)展階段和業(yè)主自治的現(xiàn)狀。第一節(jié)闡述了業(yè)主對其自身權(quán)益有一個逐步學(xué)習(xí)、認(rèn)識和提高的過程,主要表現(xiàn)為以下三個發(fā)展階段:即建筑物區(qū)分所有權(quán)之物權(quán)、業(yè)主自治權(quán)和公民權(quán)。筆者認(rèn)為,業(yè)主開始有意識維護(hù)小區(qū)公共權(quán)益時(shí)業(yè)主自治才真正開始,而且業(yè)主自治也培育了公民的責(zé)任意識。第二節(jié)從五個方面對業(yè)主自治的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,特別是對業(yè)主大會的現(xiàn)狀分析可知目前我國業(yè)主自治現(xiàn)狀并不理想,業(yè)主自治的職能未能充分顯現(xiàn)。筆者認(rèn)為業(yè)主大會民事主體地位未明確是問題關(guān)鍵所在。若明確了業(yè)主大會的民事主體地位,其成立條件、組織架構(gòu)、內(nèi)部機(jī)制以及相關(guān)職能部門的職權(quán)職責(zé)都能夠明確,業(yè)主大會的現(xiàn)狀能有所改善,業(yè)主自治才能真正展現(xiàn)。第三章為業(yè)主大會自治職能未能顯現(xiàn)的原因。本章分為兩節(jié)就法律方面和非法律方面分別分析了原因。就法律方面,筆者認(rèn)為我國《物權(quán)法》未明確規(guī)定業(yè)主大會的民事主體地位,使得業(yè)主大會處于《民法通則》中民事主體分類的真空地帶,被排除在《民法通則》所調(diào)整和保護(hù)的范圍之外。另外職能部門未能有效行政作為、業(yè)主之間紛爭不斷未能形成自治合力、物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)的管理權(quán)爭奪業(yè)主自治權(quán)等三個方面也影響了業(yè)主大會職能的發(fā)揮。第四章為業(yè)主大會民事主體地位的探索與構(gòu)建。本章分為兩節(jié)就探索業(yè)主大會民事主體地位和構(gòu)建業(yè)主大會法人化進(jìn)行分析。業(yè)主大會的民事主體地位在業(yè)主大會制度中是一個基本問題,也是我們必須直面的問題。首先在第一節(jié)中筆者分析了世界不同國家和地區(qū)關(guān)于業(yè)主自治團(tuán)體的立法模式,以發(fā)展開放的態(tài)度從中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)為我國所用。再根據(jù)我國的客觀情況來探索我國業(yè)主大會法律地位的路徑選擇,主要分析賦予業(yè)主大會法人化或賦予非法人團(tuán)體兩種路徑的利弊。第二節(jié)從我國各地業(yè)主大會法人化探索的客觀情況出發(fā),以及分析業(yè)主大會法人化的必要性和可行性,筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該賦予我國業(yè)主大會法人化的民事主體地位,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出具體業(yè)主大會機(jī)構(gòu)模式的設(shè)想。最后一部分為結(jié)語,是筆者對本文的總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:City governance gradually changed to residential property owners autonomy is the trend of the world, China is the key to establish a new pattern of social development and management. The society ruled by law should respect the autonomy of owners, the full space reserved for the owners of autonomy, fully tap the potential of the owners of their own autonomy. To provide effective legal protection to realize the management of social affairs and the right of property law provisions China's constitution of the right of condominium owners autonomy. But because the owners of civil subject status is not clear, and the administrative departments failed to effectively as disputes between the owners failed to form autonomous force and the property service enterprise management right for the right of autonomy, which leads to owners like "flower in the mirror in the water" as good failed to effectively realize. Our legislation should be clear about the owners of the status of civil subject, building owners Corporation Road This road has become a realistic research subject of city governance in major and urgent. This paper is divided into 4 chapters: the first chapter is the conclusion and the owners and the owners of autonomy, this chapter is divided into two sections discuss the autonomy of owners and owners of the first day of generalization, owner autonomy firstly from the provisions of regulations and condominium ownership concept in two aspects analyzes the connotation of the owners. Secondly, from the owners living patterns, housing property privatization, city governance and grassroots democracy in four aspects to explain why the owners autonomy's third properties. The owners of autonomy are described. The general situation of the second meeting of the owners first analyzes the nature of the owners the general assembly, the two aspects of ownership of the owners' Congress was established to achieve differentiated owners and give owners from social management rights conferred by the Constitution and the law of property owners of buildings The legal basis of autonomy. The author believes that the urban community governance should be reserved for more owners autonomous space, fully tap the owners of their own autonomous potential. The owners' Congress is the owners decision mechanism, owners are autonomous organizations independent of the owners. The second chapter is the present situation and development of the main industry in China. This chapter is divided into autonomous two respectively discusses the status of the owners of autonomy three development stages and the owners of autonomy. The first section describes the owners have a gradually learning for its own interests, and raise awareness of the process, mainly for the following three stages: the distinction between ownership of the building property, the owners of autonomy and civil rights. The author believes that the owners began to start the owners really autonomous district public awareness of safeguarding rights and interests, but also cultivate the owner autonomy and civic responsibility consciousness. The second section from the five aspects of the owners of autonomy The shape is analyzed, especially the present situation analysis of owners of the current owners autonomous situation in China is not ideal, the owners of autonomy functions cannot be fully revealed. The author thinks that the civil subject status of the owners' Congress is not clear. If the key is clear the owners of civil subject status, the conditions of its establishment, organizational structure, internal the mechanism and the relevant functional departments of the authority and responsibility to clear the status of the owners can be improved, can really show the owners of autonomy. The third chapter is the reason of owners autonomy did not show. This chapter is divided into two aspects of legal and non legal aspects. It analyzes the reasons for the legal aspects, the author thinks that China "property law > not specified by the owners of the status of civil subject, vacuum makes owners in" general principles of civil law > in civil subject classification, were excluded from the civil law " In addition to general > and adjusted by the scope of protection. Other departments failed to effectively as administrative disputes between the owners, failed to form autonomous ability, the realty service enterprise management right for the right of autonomy in three aspects also affects the functions of the owners and the construction. The fourth chapter explore the status of the civil subject of the owners. The chapter is divided into two sections to explore the analysis of the status of civil subject of owners and owners of corporate building owners. The status of civil subject is a basic problem in the owners' congress system, but we must face the problem. In the first section the author analyzes on the legislative mode of the owner autonomy group in different countries and regions in the world with the development of open attitude, learn from the experience for our own use. According to the current situation in China to explore the legal status of the owners Road Path selection, the main advantages and disadvantages of giving the owners corporation or give unincorporate two paths of the objective situation in the second quarter. The owners in our country legal practice, and analysis the necessity and feasibility of the owners Corporation, the author thinks that we should endow the legal owners in our country the status of civil subject, and put forward specific ideas of owners mechanism model. The last part is the summary of this paper.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.2

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