本文關(guān)鍵詞：產(chǎn)權(quán)制度與協(xié)商民主：河南鄧州農(nóng)村治理模式研究　出處：《中共中央黨�！�2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：十一屆三中全會(huì)以來,中國農(nóng)村土地產(chǎn)權(quán)制度變?yōu)榧彝ヂ?lián)產(chǎn)責(zé)任承包制,農(nóng)民獲得了承包土地的權(quán)利,成為自主經(jīng)營的個(gè)體,農(nóng)民及農(nóng)民集體在制度上成為了資源分配的主體。隨著農(nóng)村產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的變化,原有的公社體制也隨之瓦解,由基層農(nóng)村自發(fā)創(chuàng)造的村民自治被推廣到全國。村民自治制度實(shí)行三十年來取得了巨大的成就,但是也出現(xiàn)了諸多的亂象和問題,表面上看來是鄉(xiāng)村關(guān)系的沖突、兩委關(guān)系的失調(diào)、民主選舉的亂像,干群關(guān)系的惡化等等,但實(shí)質(zhì)是由現(xiàn)有農(nóng)地產(chǎn)權(quán)制度不清晰的產(chǎn)權(quán)關(guān)系所導(dǎo)致的。國家對(duì)農(nóng)村土地產(chǎn)權(quán)界定不清導(dǎo)致諸多問題的產(chǎn)生:政府對(duì)土地資源的壟斷;村委會(huì)由于缺乏監(jiān)督在處理農(nóng)民集體土地轉(zhuǎn)讓、承包、征地補(bǔ)償中具有決定權(quán),黨支部與村委會(huì)會(huì)爭奪對(duì)資源的控制權(quán)等等。新制度主義的國家和產(chǎn)權(quán)理論認(rèn)為國家的主要職能就是以強(qiáng)制力為后盾通過對(duì)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的界定來實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)資源的分配,而國家目的具有掠奪和契約兩重性,即:實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)總產(chǎn)出最大化和實(shí)現(xiàn)壟斷租金的最大化;同時(shí)制度具有的路徑依賴慣性使農(nóng)村產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的不完善得以長期存在。 針對(duì)村民自治出現(xiàn)的問題,理論界和很多地方政府都進(jìn)行了積極地研究、探索。河南省鄧州市實(shí)行的以“4+2工作法”為核心的農(nóng)村治理模式很好地解決了村民自治中出現(xiàn)的問題,而鄧州農(nóng)村治理模式最大的特點(diǎn)就是將協(xié)商民主很好地和村民自治的實(shí)踐結(jié)合起來,改變了村民在現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)權(quán)制度和村民自治制度下的不利地位,實(shí)現(xiàn)了黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人民當(dāng)家做主和依法治國的統(tǒng)一。所以,對(duì)鄧州農(nóng)村治理模式進(jìn)行研究可以為更好地完善村民自治制度,實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村地區(qū)更好的發(fā)展提供借鑒。 本文第一章從產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的角度分析了村民自治的興起和缺陷。認(rèn)為現(xiàn)有農(nóng)村產(chǎn)權(quán)制度自身的缺陷是村民自治諸多問題產(chǎn)生的根本原因,產(chǎn)權(quán)制度和村民自治的缺陷使村民成為有限理性經(jīng)濟(jì)人、村委會(huì)具有“代理人——當(dāng)家人”雙重角色;黨支部面臨制度的缺乏與自身的危機(jī);鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府處于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與指導(dǎo)的沖突。 第二章描述了鄧州農(nóng)村治理模式產(chǎn)生的背景;用歷史制度主義制度變遷理論從制度環(huán)境、行政精英、新觀念三個(gè)方面分析了鄧州農(nóng)村治理模式的生成過程;認(rèn)為其解決了現(xiàn)有村民自治制度最大的三個(gè)問題:理順了兩委關(guān)系、理順了鄉(xiāng)村關(guān)系、理順了干群關(guān)系。 第三章分析了鄧州農(nóng)村治理模式最核心的特點(diǎn)就是協(xié)商民主的制度化。協(xié)商民主在鄧州農(nóng)村治理模式中形成了系統(tǒng)化并通過相關(guān)的配套制度使其制度化;協(xié)商民主改變了農(nóng)民在現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)權(quán)制度下的不利地位、緩解了現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)權(quán)制度下村民自治的困境,契合了農(nóng)村產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的內(nèi)在要求。 第四章分析了鄧州村民自治模式對(duì)村民自治制度發(fā)展的啟示及應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步完善的地方。
[Abstract]:Since the third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, the rural land property rights system Chinese into the household contract responsibility system, farmers get the land contract right, become autonomous individuals, farmers and collective farmers become the main body of the allocation of resources in the system. With the change of rural property rights system, the commune system will collapse, by the grassroots rural villagers' autonomy spontaneous creation has been spread across the country. The implementation of village autonomy in thirty years has made great achievements, but also appeared in many problems, the surface is the conflict of rural relations, imbalance of the relationship between the two committees of democratic elections, like chaos, the deterioration of the relationship between cadres and so on, but the essence is the existing rural land property rights the system is not clear the relationship of property rights caused by national definition of rural land property right is not clear cause so many problems: the government monopoly on land resources of the village; Due to lack of supervision contract in rural collective land transfer, land requisition compensation has the right to decide, the Party branch and the committee will fight for control of resources and so on. The new institutionalism in the state and property rights theory believes that the main function of the state is to force through the definition of property rights system to realize the distribution of resources, and the country has a dual objective plunder and contract, namely: the total social output maximization and realize the maximization of monopoly rents; path dependence and system is not perfect the rural property right system of long-term existence of inertia.
Aiming at the problems of villagers' autonomy, theoretical circles and many local governments have carried out active research and exploration. The implementation of Henan city of Dengzhou province in the "4+2 method" as the core of the rural governance mode is a good solution to the problems appeared in the villagers' autonomy, and the characteristics of rural Governance in Dengzhou is the biggest negotiation practice democracy well and villagers together, change the disadvantageous position of the villagers in the existing property rights system and the villager autonomy system, realize the unified leadership of the party, people are the masters and the rule of law. Therefore, research can better improve the villager autonomy system of governance model of rural Dengzhou, realize the development in rural areas better provide reference.
The first chapter of this paper from the perspective of property rights institution of rise and defects of the villagers' autonomy. That the defects of the existing rural property rights system itself is the fundamental reason of the problems of villagers' autonomy, defect of property right system and the villagers autonomy of villagers as limited rational economic man, the village committee has "agents -- when the family" the dual role of the party; branch faced with the lack of system of township government in crisis; the conflict between leadership and guidance.
The second chapter describes the background of Dengzhou's rural governance mode; with the theory of historical institutionalism system changes in the institutional environment, administrative elite, three aspects of the new concept to analyze the formation process of rural governance in Dengzhou; it solved the three biggest problems existing in village autonomy system: straighten out the relationship between the two committees, straighten out the relationship between the country and straighten out the relationship between cadres.
The third chapter analyzes the characteristics of the core governance model of rural Dengzhou is the institutionalization of the deliberative democracy. Deliberative democracy in rural governance in Dengzhou formed a systematic and the related system make it institutionalization of deliberative democracy; change the disadvantageous position of farmers in the existing property rights system, alleviate the existing property rights system of villagers autonomy the dilemma, fit the inherent requirements of rural property rights system.
The fourth chapter analyzes the Enlightenment of the villagers' self-government model to the development of the villager autonomy system and the place that should be further improved in Dengzhou.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D422.6

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