本文關(guān)鍵詞：行政執(zhí)法方式變革研究　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 行政執(zhí)法 執(zhí)法方式 社會管理 執(zhí)法理念 執(zhí)法體制

【摘要】：本文立足于社會管理創(chuàng)新的宏觀場景,指出對當(dāng)下的行政執(zhí)法方式進行變革。從一定意義上講,法律的生命在于執(zhí)行。在行政執(zhí)法實踐中,執(zhí)法主體如何適應(yīng)社會新形勢,以改革創(chuàng)新的精神推進執(zhí)法方式變革,是一個緊迫性、現(xiàn)實性的問題。本文提出,在執(zhí)法風(fēng)險、執(zhí)法服務(wù)、執(zhí)法多元、執(zhí)法民主理念的指導(dǎo)下,在行政法治、正當(dāng)性原則、公眾參與、比例原則的統(tǒng)率下,構(gòu)建建立科學(xué)的執(zhí)法方式選擇庫,包括執(zhí)法前信息系統(tǒng)、執(zhí)法中選擇系統(tǒng)、執(zhí)法后反饋系統(tǒng),以期實現(xiàn)行政執(zhí)法方式變革。論文由引言、正文、結(jié)語三部分組成。引言分為：問題的提出、研究現(xiàn)狀、研究意義、研究方法和寫作框架與思路。正文分為以下六章。 第一章為“行政執(zhí)法方式概述”。對研究對象及其相關(guān)概念的界定與分析,是科學(xué)研究活動必不可少的一項基礎(chǔ)性工作。研究行政執(zhí)法方式,首先必須明確行政執(zhí)法、行政執(zhí)法方式等基本范疇的界定、特征、功能等基本內(nèi)容。本章主要對涉及的幾個基本概念進行初步闡釋,進而梳理行政執(zhí)法方式的功能、類型以及與相關(guān)范疇之間的基本關(guān)系,力求對行政執(zhí)法方式的基本問題有一個總體掌握。行政執(zhí)法方式即為行政行為的表現(xiàn)形式,行政許可、行政救助、行政強制、行政處罰、行政征收、行政指導(dǎo)、行政合同等都是常見的執(zhí)法形式。 第二章為“行政執(zhí)法方式變革的社會場景”。從社會管理創(chuàng)新的角度,論述行政機關(guān)的職能定位；接著,論述社會管理創(chuàng)新對行政執(zhí)法的基本要求。行政執(zhí)法方式的變革作為社會管理創(chuàng)新的基本內(nèi)容之一,它只是社會管理創(chuàng)新中的一個子系統(tǒng),二者之間區(qū)別明顯。但是,社會管理創(chuàng)新與行政執(zhí)法方式變革具有內(nèi)在契合性：首先,論述行政執(zhí)法方式變革是社會管理創(chuàng)新的一個重要內(nèi)容,行政執(zhí)法方式變革是社會管理創(chuàng)新的應(yīng)有之義；其次,從方法論的角度論述行政執(zhí)法方式變革是加強和創(chuàng)新社會管理的方向和依托；再次,行政執(zhí)法變革與社會管理創(chuàng)新存在諸多共通之處,行政執(zhí)法方式變革是社會管理創(chuàng)新的必然要求。 第三章為“我國行政執(zhí)法發(fā)展的歷史回顧與現(xiàn)狀反思”�，F(xiàn)實是歷史的延續(xù)與發(fā)展,探究現(xiàn)階段社會管理創(chuàng)新中行政執(zhí)法方式變革離不開對我國行政執(zhí)法發(fā)展歷史的回顧與總結(jié),以期全面地認(rèn)識和把握我國行政執(zhí)法發(fā)展的演變歷程,總結(jié)共性的規(guī)律與經(jīng)驗,完善其不足與缺陷。本文梳理了我國行政執(zhí)法發(fā)展的歷史階段,歸納了各個階段的不同特點,反思了行政執(zhí)法方式的現(xiàn)狀,得出了行政執(zhí)法方式確有改進變革之必要的結(jié)論。 第四章為“行政執(zhí)法方式發(fā)展的國際比較與啟示”。行政執(zhí)法方式作為當(dāng)代法治社會一項重要的行政法制度,是一個世界性的課題。特別是自20世紀(jì)70年代末期以來,西方行政執(zhí)法領(lǐng)域發(fā)生了重大變化。因此有必要對西方不同國家行政執(zhí)法發(fā)展的基本趨勢及其運作概況作比較法的考察,包括法國法、德國法、美國法、英國法和日本法,以期充分認(rèn)識并借鑒其有益經(jīng)驗。本文分析指出,各國的行政執(zhí)法發(fā)展在以下方面對我們有所啟示：執(zhí)法權(quán)力的行使手段方面,從主要依靠強制轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹饕揽肯鄬θ说暮献�；行政�?zhí)法主體方面,從單一化轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槎嘣�；在行政�?zhí)法權(quán)力的作用領(lǐng)域方面,從規(guī)制轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉潘梢?guī)制；在行政執(zhí)法的具體方式方面,從剛性轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿嵝浴?第五章為“行政執(zhí)法方式變革的理性思考與路徑分析”。大力開展行政執(zhí)法方式變革是法治社會的呼喚,是時代的選擇。行政執(zhí)法機關(guān)理應(yīng)成為變革行政執(zhí)法方式的主體力量,理應(yīng)在行政執(zhí)法中掀起創(chuàng)新管理的高潮。本文主要從理念更新、原則指導(dǎo)和構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)三個層面探討行政執(zhí)法變革的路徑。本文主張行政執(zhí)法方式必須樹立執(zhí)法風(fēng)險、執(zhí)法服務(wù)、執(zhí)法多元、執(zhí)法民主的基本理念；必須遵循行政法治原則、正當(dāng)性原則、公眾參與原則、比例原則；必須建立健全行政執(zhí)法體系、構(gòu)建科學(xué)的執(zhí)法方式備選庫,包括執(zhí)法前信息系統(tǒng)、執(zhí)法中選擇系統(tǒng)、執(zhí)法后反饋系統(tǒng)。行政執(zhí)法方式的形成是多種因素合力的結(jié)果,我們必須結(jié)合我國行政執(zhí)法的實際,綜合考慮多種因素穩(wěn)健推進。 第六章為“新型行政執(zhí)法方式的實證分析”。近年來,隨著社會管理創(chuàng)新的不斷深入,行政執(zhí)法方式逐漸發(fā)生變化,大大改變了行政執(zhí)法和行政法治的面貌。行政執(zhí)法方式正由單純的剛性執(zhí)法向剛?cè)岵⒂梅绞睫D(zhuǎn)變,一些體現(xiàn)參與性、互動性、協(xié)商性和可選擇性的執(zhí)法方式,如行政約見、行政承諾、行政合同、行政獎勵等柔性執(zhí)法方式,在執(zhí)法實務(wù)中運用得越來越多,更加符合民主化、協(xié)商化、多元化等世界發(fā)展趨勢。這些新型執(zhí)法方式大大提高了行政管理效率,有效地維護了人民的合法權(quán)益,產(chǎn)生了良好的法律效果與社會效果,充分體現(xiàn)了以人為本、文明執(zhí)法的本質(zhì)。本章即著眼于我國當(dāng)前行政執(zhí)法實踐中出現(xiàn)的新型執(zhí)法方式,意圖抽象出其共性與規(guī)律,構(gòu)建適合我國行政執(zhí)法實際的執(zhí)法制度,從而進一步促進我國行政執(zhí)法的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展。 結(jié)語為“行政執(zhí)法方式變革的展望”。行政執(zhí)法方式變革是社會管理創(chuàng)新大潮中的一條小流,變革之路任重道路遠(yuǎn)。在社會管理創(chuàng)新的宏大場景下,行政執(zhí)法方式變革面臨發(fā)展的機遇,也將遇到實際的阻力。
[Abstract]:Macro scene based on social management innovation, points out that the administrative law enforcement way of current change. In a certain sense, the life of the law lies in the implementation. In the practice of administrative law enforcement, law enforcement body how to adapt to the new social situation, promote the transformation of the mode of law enforcement in the spirit of reform and innovation, is a real urgency. The problem. In this paper, the law enforcement risk, law enforcement, law enforcement and law enforcement of democratic pluralism, under the guidance of the concept of the rule of administrative law, the principle of legitimacy of public participation, in the principle of proportionality, establishment of law enforcement Science Library, including law enforcement information system, selection system of law enforcement, law enforcement and feedback the system, in order to realize the transformation of administrative law enforcement. The paper consists of introduction, text, conclusion of three parts. The introduction is divided into: the problem, research status, research significance, research methods and writing framework and ideas. The text is divided into the following six chapters.
The first chapter is the overview of the administrative law enforcement way. The definition and analysis of research object and its related concepts, is a fundamental work of essential scientific research activities. Research on the administrative law enforcement way, first must be clear about the basic category of administrative law enforcement, administrative law enforcement way such as definition, characteristics, function and basic content of this chapter. On several basic concepts involved in the preliminary interpretation, and then find the way of administrative enforcement of law, the basic relationship between the type and the related areas, have an overall grasp to the basic problems of the administrative law enforcement way. Forms, the administrative law enforcement way for administrative license, administrative assistance, administrative enforcement, administrative the punishment, administrative expropriation, administrative guidance, administrative contract is a common form of law enforcement.
The second chapter is "the change of the administrative law enforcement way social scene". From the social point of view of management innovation, discusses the functions of administrative organs; then, the basic requirements of the administrative law enforcement on the innovation of social management. The administrative law enforcement way transformation as the basic content of the social management innovation, it is only a subset of the social management innovation system, the difference between the two is obvious. However, the change of social management innovation and the administrative law enforcement way is consistent: first, discuss the administrative law enforcement reform is an important content of the innovation of social management, reform of administrative law enforcement is the proper meaning of social management innovation; secondly, change from the perspective of methodology of administration the way of law enforcement is the direction and rely on strengthening and innovating social management; thirdly, the innovation of administrative law enforcement reform and social management has many common administrative law enforcement. The reform of the type is the inevitable requirement of the innovation of social management.
The third chapter is "the administrative law enforcement of the development of China's historical review and Reflection on the current situation." the reality is the continuation and development history of the reform in the administrative law enforcement way of social management innovation in present stage cannot do without review and summary of the development history of China's administrative law enforcement, in order to fully understand and grasp the evolution of the development of our administrative law enforcement in summary, the common law and experience, improve its shortcomings and deficiencies. This paper reviews the historical stage of the development of China's administrative law enforcement, summed up the different characteristics of each stage, and reflect on the status of administrative law enforcement mode, that is the administrative law enforcement way change necessary conclusions.
The fourth chapter is "the international comparison and Enlightenment of the development of the administrative law enforcement way. The administrative enforcement of law as an important administrative law system of the rule of law in contemporary society, is a world topic. Especially since the end of the 1970s, major changes in the western area of administrative law enforcement. Therefore it is necessary to examine the situation of the basic trend of the West in different countries the development and operation of administrative law enforcement for comparative law, including the French law, German law, American law, British law and Japanese law, in order to fully understand and learn from their experiences. This paper points out that the development of the administrative law enforcement to enlighten us in the following aspects: the law enforcement authority means, from rely mainly on forced into a mainly rely on the cooperation of private party; administrative law enforcement body, the transition from single to diversification; in the administrative law enforcement power field, From regulation to deregulation, the change from rigidity to flexibility in the specific way of administrative law enforcement.
The fifth chapter is the analysis of rational thinking and way of reforming the way of administrative enforcement of law. The administrative law enforcement way is to vigorously carry out the transformation of society under the rule of the call, is the choice of the times. The administrative law enforcement organs should become the main force to change the way of administrative enforcement of law, should be in the administrative law enforcement lifted the climax of innovation management. This paper mainly from the concept of update the path of the three aspects of the administrative law enforcement reform guiding principles and construction of system. This paper argues that the administrative law enforcement way must set up the law enforcement risk, law enforcement, law enforcement and law enforcement yuan, basic concept of democracy; must follow the principles of administrative law, the principle of legitimacy, the principle of proportionality; the principle of public participation, we must establish and perfect the system of administrative law enforcement, law enforcement construction scientific databases, including law enforcement information system, selection system of law enforcement, law enforcement after the feedback system. The formation of the administrative law enforcement way is As a result of the combination of factors, we must combine the practice of administrative law enforcement in our country and consider a variety of factors to push forward steadily.
The sixth chapter is the empirical analysis of new administrative law enforcement way. In recent years, with the deepening of the innovation of social management, administrative enforcement mode gradually changed, greatly changed the administrative law enforcement and administrative law aspect. The administrative law enforcement way by pure rigid enforcement to soft and rigid mode, some reflect the participation. Interactive, negotiation and selective law enforcement, such as administrative appointments, administrative commitment, administrative contract, administrative reward and flexible way of law enforcement, law enforcement in practice by more and more, more in line with democratic consultation, the world development trend of diversification. These new ways of law enforcement can greatly improve the efficiency of administrative management. To effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the people, have a good legal effect and social effect, fully embodies the people-oriented, nature of civilized law enforcement. This chapter is focusing on China's current line The new way of law enforcement in the practice of administrative law enforcement aims at abstracting its generality and rules, and constructing a law enforcement system suitable for the actual enforcement of administrative law in China, so as to further promote the innovation and development of administrative law enforcement in China.
The "Outlook" change the way of administrative enforcement of law. The innovation of the administrative law enforcement way is a small flow of the tide of social management innovation in the reform of the road a long way to run. In the grand scene of the innovation of social management, reform of the administrative law enforcement way facing the opportunity of development, will also meet the actual resistance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.1

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