【摘要】：在5000年的歷史中,石質(zhì)文物是我國祖先留下來重要的文化遺產(chǎn),尤其是以云岡石窟為標(biāo)志的石窟寺,更是石質(zhì)文物中的精華部分,歷經(jīng)千年,由于自然環(huán)境和人為損害,這些石質(zhì)文物已經(jīng)受到不同程度的風(fēng)化破壞,隨著時(shí)間推移,其風(fēng)化程度越來越嚴(yán)重。對(duì)其石質(zhì)文物的保護(hù)迫在眉睫,否則許多珍貴的石質(zhì)文物將會(huì)消失,對(duì)石質(zhì)文物的保護(hù),需要找到相應(yīng)的保護(hù)材料和相關(guān)的保護(hù)效果評(píng)估,由于石質(zhì)文物保護(hù)的較復(fù)雜和困難,對(duì)保護(hù)材料有多方面的要求,單一材料已經(jīng)不能滿足石質(zhì)文物的保護(hù)要求,復(fù)合材料綜合單一材料的優(yōu)點(diǎn),在石質(zhì)文物保護(hù)上具有較好的性能,在石質(zhì)文物保護(hù)上具有很好的發(fā)展前途,特別是有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)合材料。 本論文主要是通過試驗(yàn)從有機(jī)物中挑出效果較好有機(jī)物進(jìn)行復(fù)配,找出幾種保護(hù)效果較好的復(fù)配組合,添加納米顆粒,制備出了一種在石質(zhì)文物保護(hù)上防風(fēng)化效果較好的納米復(fù)合材料,并且對(duì)其涂覆的石質(zhì)試樣進(jìn)行了相關(guān)測(cè)試和效果評(píng)估。 本論文先對(duì)山西云岡石窟的病害做了初步的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,結(jié)果表明,表面風(fēng)化是云岡石窟的主要病害之一,同時(shí)也是主要保護(hù)和治理的病害之一,需要尋找表面防護(hù)材料對(duì)其進(jìn)行保護(hù)。通過對(duì)有機(jī)物的酸堿度、接觸測(cè)試、崩解試驗(yàn)、吸水率、毛細(xì)吸收率、透氣性、抗紫外性、凍融循環(huán)試驗(yàn)、顯微結(jié)構(gòu)、顏色變化、潤濕角、耐酸性、耐堿性和耐鹽性等性能測(cè)試,從正硅酸乙酯、環(huán)氧樹脂類和有機(jī)硅類及聚合物和有機(jī)氟類等十幾種有機(jī)物中,挑選出結(jié)果較好的四甲氧基硅烷、正硅酸乙酯、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷和甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯及BYB1002這六種有機(jī)物作為復(fù)配的基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)在試驗(yàn)中觀測(cè)到潤濕角的大小有與表面的粗糙度和表面能集表面的均勻性有關(guān)。 接著用攪拌儀和高能行星球磨機(jī)對(duì)其進(jìn)行復(fù)配和納米顆粒的組合,其中有機(jī)硅自身的組合及與有機(jī)氟組合的復(fù)合物比任意自由復(fù)合的有機(jī)物在吸水率,毛細(xì)吸水率、疏水性和耐老化性及抗紫外和凍融上效果好。納米顆粒的加入對(duì)有機(jī)物的很多效果都有改善,其中以二氧化硅納米顆粒對(duì)疏水性的改善最大,同是納米二氧化硅會(huì)使石質(zhì)表面變白,石質(zhì)石粉的加入對(duì)顏色改善有很大的幫助,將納米二氧化硅和石質(zhì)石粉同時(shí)加入,其效果更好。其吸水率小,潤濕角也大,樣品顏色前后變化不大。 石質(zhì)文物防風(fēng)化材料效果的好壞并沒有統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范,各種石質(zhì)文物防風(fēng)化材料只是進(jìn)行測(cè)試結(jié)果的對(duì)比,來判斷其效果的好壞,通過測(cè)試其納米復(fù)合材料是最好的,尤其在疏水性、吸水性和耐老化性方面,復(fù)合復(fù)配有機(jī)物好,復(fù)配物比單純有機(jī)物好,單純有機(jī)物比空白試樣好,雖然納米復(fù)合材料具有比較好的效果,在一些方面還沒有達(dá)到預(yù)想的結(jié)果,在抗紫外線和耐老化性及浸泡水中長時(shí)間后,其疏水性大大下降。
[Abstract]:In 5000 years of history, stone relics have been an important cultural heritage left behind by our ancestors, especially the grotto temple marked by the Yungang Grottoes, and the essence of the stone relics. After thousands of years, due to natural environment and man-made damage, These stone relics have been destroyed by weathering to varying degrees, and the weathering degree becomes more and more serious over time. The protection of its stone cultural relics is imminent, otherwise many precious stone cultural relics will disappear. In order to protect the stone cultural relics, it is necessary to find the corresponding protective materials and evaluate the related protective effects, because of the relatively complex and difficult protection of the stone cultural relics. There are many requirements for protecting materials, the single material can no longer meet the protection requirements of stone relics, composite materials have the advantages of a single material, and they have better performance in the protection of stone cultural relics. It has a good prospect in the protection of stone relics, especially organic and inorganic composites. In this paper, we select out better organic compounds from organic compounds and find out several combinations which have better protection effect and add nano-particles. A kind of nanocomposites with good weathering resistance on the protection of stone relics was prepared, and the related test and effect evaluation of the coated stone samples were carried out. In this paper, the disease of Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi Province is analyzed. The results show that surface weathering is one of the main diseases of Yungang Grottoes, and it is also one of the main diseases of protection and management. Surface protection materials need to be found to protect them. Through pH, contact test, disintegration test, water absorption, capillary absorption, permeability, UV resistance, freeze-thaw cycle test, microstructure, color change, wetting angle, acid resistance, In the tests of alkali resistance and salt resistance, tetramethoxysilane, ethyl orthosilicate, tetramethoxy silane, ethyl orthosilicate were selected from more than ten kinds of organic compounds, such as ethyl orthosilicate, epoxy resin, organosilicon, polymer and organic fluorine. Methyl trimethoxysilane, methyl triethoxy silane, hexafluorobutyl methacrylate and BYB1002 were used as the base of the compound. At the same time, it is observed that the wetting angle is related to the roughness of the surface and the uniformity of the surface energy set. Then the agitator and the high energy planetary ball mill were used to combine it with the nanoparticles, in which the combination of organosilicon and organic fluorine was used to combine organics with organic fluorine in water absorption rate and capillary water absorption rate. Hydrophobicity, aging resistance, UV resistance and freeze-thaw effect are good. The addition of nano-particles has improved many of the effects on organic matter, among which the hydrophobicity of silica nanoparticles is the greatest, and nano-silica can whiten the surface of stone. The addition of stone powder has great help to improve the color. It is better to add nano-silica and stone powder at the same time. Its water absorption rate is small, the wetting angle is also large, the sample color changes little before and after. There is no uniform standard and standard for the effect of weathering materials of stone cultural relics. All kinds of weathering materials of stone cultural relics are only compared with the test results to judge the quality of their effects. It is the best to test their nanocomposites. Especially in the aspects of hydrophobicity, water absorption and aging resistance, the compound organic compound is better than the pure organic compound, and the pure organic matter is better than the blank sample, although the nanocomposites have better effect. In some aspects, the hydrophobicity of the water decreased greatly after UV resistance, aging resistance and soaking in water for a long time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K854

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