本文關(guān)鍵詞：試論我國古代的喪葬玉，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

網(wǎng)友wo1230近日為您收集整理了關(guān)于試論我國古代的喪葬玉--優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)論文 可復(fù)制黏貼的文檔，希望對您的工作和學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。以下是文檔介紹：試論我國古代的喪葬玉摘要中國是一個(gè)玉文化非常發(fā)達(dá)、用玉歷史非常悠久(約有~萬年)的國家,用玉制度涉及到社會(huì)生活的方方面面。中國古代的玉器從通神的巫用神具發(fā)展為王權(quán)的標(biāo)志,形成了嚴(yán)格的用玉等級制度。本文討論的是玉文化中的一個(gè)分支——喪葬玉文化。喪葬玉文化從中國大汶口文化時(shí)期一直延續(xù)到魏晉時(shí)期,大約有四千多年的歷史,主要分為三個(gè)階段:原始時(shí)期,從新石器時(shí)代到殷商時(shí)期;發(fā)展時(shí)期,從西周到戰(zhàn)國;高峰時(shí)期,漢代。其中漢代可再細(xì)分為西漢早期、西漢中晚期和東漢。喪葬玉在這些時(shí)期都有類型和器形的變化。漢朝是喪葬玉的高峰時(shí)期,齊集了玉冶、玉握、玉覆面、玉衣和玉塞等多種喪葬玉類型。東漢到魏晉時(shí)期喪葬玉制度逐漸消亡,并且后來再也沒有出現(xiàn)。喪葬玉類型的發(fā)展順序大約是:新石器時(shí)期的玉玲與玉握最先出現(xiàn)(其中玉玲略早),西周早期出現(xiàn)玉覆面,春秋出現(xiàn)局部玉衣,漢朝出現(xiàn)完整玉衣和玉塞。漢時(shí)的玉路主要是蟬形,玉握主要是豬形。喪葬玉在魏晉時(shí)期便消亡。玉蟬在后世中還偶有出現(xiàn),但大多作為佩飾用玉。玉衣制度是喪葬玉中一直被人們關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn),因?yàn)樗幕瘍r(jià)值和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值都很高。一直以來人們認(rèn)為玉衣的形制是由玉片連綴裹滿全身的完整玉衣。但很可能還存在另一種不完整的玉衣,我稱為局部玉衣。它是由織物和玉片縫制組合而成的斂服。局部玉衣是完整玉衣的前身,但并沒有被后者取代,而是二者共同被使用直到消亡。喪葬玉的文化象征意義非常豐富,比如玉冶象征著食物和溫飽,玉握象征著財(cái)富和權(quán)力,玉衣和玉塞象征著不朽和永生等。喪葬玉的發(fā)展是受中國古代儒家孝文化導(dǎo)致的厚葬之風(fēng)的影響,漢朝時(shí)還受到玄學(xué)和道教的長生不死、羽化升仙思想的影響,三國時(shí)期在佛教思想的影響下逐漸消亡。喪葬玉不但為后人留下了“漢八刀”技法的玉蟬,而且還留下了金縷玉衣等許多傳奇式的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)�！娟P(guān)鍵詞】:喪葬玉發(fā)展史,喪葬玉,玉衣,玉玲,玉覆面AbstractChinaisacountrythathasallextraordinarylonghistory(over10,000years)ofjadeconsumptionandrichjadeculture.JadearticlesinancientChinastartedfrombeingdivineutilityusedinsorcery,andgraduallybecamethesymbolofregality,whichresulted試論我國古代的喪葬玉inrigoroushierarchicalsystemgoverningtheuseofjade.Thefocusofthispaperisabranchofthejadeculture—mortuaryjadeThecultureofmortuaryjadecontinuedfromDaWenKoucivilizationtoWeiJinEra,lastedover4,000years.Itcanbecategorizedintothreephases:theprimaryperiod,fromNeolithicagetoYinShangEra;thedevelopingperiod,fromWestemZhouDynastytotheWarringStatesperiod;andthepeakperiod,HartDynasty.HartDynastycanbefurtherdividedintoearlyWesternHanperiod,middleandlateWesternHallperiod,andEasternHanperiod.MortuaryjadeculturereacheditspeakduringHanDynasty.MortuaryjadeculturegraduallydiedoffduringWesternHanDynastytoWeiJinEra,anddidn’tsurfaceagainafterward.TheevolutionsequenceofthemortuaryjadetypesCallroughlybetracedas:jademouth-fillerandjadehandholdfirstappearedinNeolithicage(withjademouth-fillerslightlyearlier),jademaskappearedinearlyWesternZhouDynasty,partialjadesuitappearedintheSpnngandAutumnperiod,fulljadesuitandjadeplugappearedinHanDynasty.JadesuithasalwaysbeingahotspotinthemortuaryiadeculturesmdNbecausehasveryhighcultureandeconomicvalue.Forquitealongtimepeoplethoughtthefonnofjadesuitwasafmlgarmentmadeofjadepatchesjoinedtogethertocovertheentirebody.However.pletesuitmadeoffabricandjadepatches,whichIcallthepartialjadesuit.Itwasthepredecessorofthefulljadesuit.Howcver,itwasneverreplacedbythelatter,butcoexisteduntilbothperished.Mortuaryjadehasrichculturesymbolicmeanings.Forinstancejademouth—fillersymbolizedfoodandcontent,jadehandholdsymbolizedwealthandpower,jadesuitandjadeplugsymbolizedimmortalityandeternity,etc.TheevolutionofmortuaryjadewasinfluencedbytheluxuryfuneralcustomresultedfromtheConfucianpietycultureinancientChina.ItwasalsoinfluencedbythemetaphysicsmadTaoismideologyofimmortality,resurrectionandrisingtoheavenduringHanDynasty.ItgraduallydisappearedduringtheTri-KingdomperiodundertheinfluenceofBuddhism,ers.Keywords:Thehistoryofmortuaryjade,mortuaryjade,jadesuit,jademouth—filler,jademask試論我國古代的喪葬玉刖舌玉文化是中國文化史上奇

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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：試論我國古代的喪葬玉，，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。